india etiketine sahip kayıtlar gösteriliyor. Tüm kayıtları göster
india etiketine sahip kayıtlar gösteriliyor. Tüm kayıtları göster

26 Kasım 2025 Çarşamba

Turkish Culture; Çevgen (Chevgen)

 

Seljuk #Turks Playing Chevgen (Polo), 13th c.

Ball and Stick, 1000-800 BC, from Turfan and

Coat of Arms of Mamluk Turks, 12th-13th c.


Chevgen (Çevgen/Çevgan/Çöğen), known as Polo to the Westerners, is a Turkish tradition and culture. The game, which has been practiced as "riding training" since the 6th century BC, was also played for entertainment during diplomatic negotiations and congresses.

* The Saka Turks performed their riding training by wrapping an enemy's skull in a piece of textile, which is why Saka Queen Tomyris' revenge against Cyrus the Great included his "skull."

* The oldest piece of chevgen equipment ever was found was in Turfan, East Turkestan; the artifacts date back to 1000-800 BC. The leather covered balls were found in three separate kurgans in 2003 (in total 3000 kurgans). The world's oldest trousers (1500 BC) was also found in Turfan, which also belongs to the Turkish history.

(PS. The Achaemenid/Achaemenids, which is known today as "Persians," did not exist at that time!)

* In the Shahnameh, Persians and Turanians (Turks) play a match, and of course, in the Shahnameh, written with an Persian perspective, the Turks, referred as "novices", win. However, not only is the fact that the Shahnameh was writing in the eleventh century, but the ancient inhabitants of the region, the Saka-Scythian Turks, also not mentioned as Turkic tribes. The Turanians in the Shahnameh is the tribe of Alp Er Tonga (=Afrasiab, also the clan of Tomyris (Tomris, still a female name among Turks). It should also be remembered that the game was played during the Safavid period in İran, and the Safavids, who are also Turk, was considered as "Iranians." For this reason, many "Western travelers" or sources claim that Polo was invented by the Persians. This was completely misunderstanding, misleading and false info (and still ongoing).

* Chevgen (çevgen) entered India from the Himalayas with the Saka and Hun Turks, and was played by the Mughal Turks (the founder is Babur, from the Timurid Dynasty).

* The Chinese encountered the chevgen (through those who left the Asian-Hun and Turkic Khaganates) during the Tang Dynasty (partly a Turk dynasty), and used them to train their "cavalry." In fact, many Turkic traditions and cultures were copied by the Chinese during this period, such as wearing trousers or knotting the tails of their horses.

* Chevgen, which was also enjoyed by the Mamluk, Kipchak, Seljuk, and Ottoman periods. Was also played by Eastern Roman nobles in the twelfth century. Anna Komnene's book the Alexiad, describes the Turkish commander Tatikios and Alexios playing a type of chevgen called "Tzikanistirion." The emperor even fell from his horse and injured his knee. It is also known that Turkish women played chevgen, challenging the men.

* After the martyrdom of Husayn (Hüseyin; son of Ali and Fatma and grandson of Mohammed) and the beheading, which affected Muslim Turks (especially those living in Türkiye), chevgen game was banned among Muslims for centuries. Of course, dismounting and sedentary lifestyle were the other factors.

* According to a legend, Darius sent a ball and a stick to insult Alexander. This event is also used in the Scottish epic "King Alexander" and Shakespeare's "Henry V." However, they never played in Scotland or in England, until the 19th century. In the 1850s, it was brought to England from India, by British who were colonizing the land. But it became a pastime for the "nobility." The British also adapted the word "Pulu" (ball), which they learned in India, to Polo.

* Azerbaijani Turks embraced this Turkish culture and brought it back to life, even had added to UNESCO's Intangible Cultural Heritage List in 2013 as "Chevgan/Chovgan" (ancient Karabakh horse-sport game). Thus, this also invalidated the claims of Iran, China, India, and England that this game was "theirs."


This "game" is 100% an invention of the Turks.

"Playing" it without a saddle or stirrups requires skills...

SB

Mamluk Turks, 12th-13th c

#ArtofTurks

#Turkish Culture

27 Nisan 2021 Salı

Scythians and Kushans are Turks

 

Scythian Turks at festivity

Buner Reliefs, 1st c BC - 1st c AD / Pakistan / Cleveland Museum of Art.


"This was followed by the conquest of Sakas or Scythians and Kushans (120 BC - 200 AC). Scythian remains unearthed at Banbhore (the old port of Debal) indicate that they had advanced far to the south of Sind. Both Scythians and Kushans were of Turki origin and they conquest also brought in Sind the cult and culture of the Turki tribes. Later, the great Kushan Emperor, Kanishka, became the champion of Mahayana Buddhism which spread into Sind during 100 BC - 100 AD.

Kanishka's third successor Vasudeva ruled Upper Sind and the Indus territories. His coins have been found at Mohenjo-Daro. The Turkish influence was strengthened under the Parthian kings (50 AD-200 AD). The coins of the Parthian king Gondophanus (47 AD?) and his successors have been found in Seistan, Kandhar and Sind. The Turkish influence was further strengthened under the Epthalites and the White Huns (4th -5th c AD). Under the White Huns, Buddhism suffered a heavy blow."


Dr Nabi Bakhsh Khan Baloch

Sind a Historical Perspective, from Ancient times to 1970's

Vice Chancellor of University of Sindh / Pakistan


Scythian Turks and Seljuk Turks
The continuity of the Art


"Bunu Sakaların ya da İskitlerin ve Kuşanların fethi izledi (MÖ 120 - MS 200). Banbhore'da (Debal'ın eski limanı) ortaya çıkarılan İskit kalıntıları, onların Sind'in güneyine kadar ilerlediklerini göstermektedir. Hem İskitler hem de Kuşanlar Türk kökenliydi ve fetihleri Sind'e Türk kabilelerinin kült ve kültürünü de getirdi. Daha sonra, büyük Kuşan İmparatoru Kanişka, MÖ 100 - MS 100 yılları arasında Sind'e yayılan Mahayana Budizminin savunucusu oldu.

Kanişka'nın üçüncü halefi Vasudeva Yukarı Sind ve İndus bölgelerini yönetmiştir. Mohenjo-Daro'da onun sikkeleri bulunmuştur. Türk etkisi Part kralları (MS 50-MS 200) döneminde güçlenmiştir. Part kralı Gondophanus'un (MS 47?) ve haleflerinin sikkeleri Seistan, Kandhar ve Sind'de bulunmuştur. Türk etkisi Eftalitler ve Ak Hunlar (MS 4.-5. yy) döneminde daha da güçlenmiştir. Ak Hunlar döneminde Budizm ağır bir darbe almıştır."


Dr. Nabi Bakhsh Khan Baloch
Antik Çağlardan 1970'lere Tarihsel Bir Perspektifle Sind
Sindh Üniversitesi Rektör Yardımcısı / Pakistan



"Sakalar/İskitler ve Kuşanlar Türk kökenlidir."

9 Ağustos 2020 Pazar

Saka Türkü Buda ve Kuşanlar

 


Saka Türk boyundan olan "Bilge Öğretmen" Siddartha Gautama Buda (MÖ 623-543) bir Saka tiginidir. Hindistan'da Saka Türkleri "Shakas" ya da "Sakya" olarak geçer. Buda, Saka Türkleri tarafından Bur Kağan - Bur Han olarak adlandırılmış. Burhan/Bürhan sözünün Arapçadan geldiğini ve delil, güçlü kanıt, tanrısal aydınlık anlamına geldiğini savunanlar Bür/Bur hecesiyle Türkçede türetilmiş birçok özel isim olduğunu unutmaktadır ki Dede Korkut, Kaşgarlı, Eski Yazıtlar ve Uygur yazıtlarında geçtiğinin de farkında değildir; Örneğin, Babur/Babür, Bürgüt/Bürküt, Baybüre, Burçak, Burslan, Burulday, Burkay, Bürkek, Burhân, Burcu, Burla, Bürçü, Burguçan, Burçin... v.s. gibi, ya da Burta gibi Türk adları var ki birçoğu hâlâ Türk dünyasında kullanılıyor. Buda'nın anlamı da aydınlanmak demektir. Sorguluyoruz o zaman; O tarihte (MÖ 5.yy) Arapçanın o bölgede ne işi var? Ayrıca Moğolca'da da Burkan derler, ancak o da Türkçe kökenli; Bur Kan/Han - Bur Kağan gibi... Ve Türkçe olan Kağan sözünün de Hindistan'da Khan olarak kullanıldığı biliniyor. Bu arada Türkçenin Akadca ve onun torunu olan Arapça üzerinde etkisi olduğu da...



Budizm Kuşhanlar ile Orta Asya'ya yayılmıştır.
Sivri başlığı ile bir Kuşhan, Sakalardan geldiklerine en güzel kanıttır.


Filozof dedikleri Toxaris, Anacharsis ve Abaris gibi Şaman/Kam çıkaran Sakalar, Buda'yı da çıkarmıştır. Bir diğer filozof ise Ammonios Saka'dır (MS 2.yy). O da Mısır'a göçen Saka Türklerinden gelir. [Prof.Dr. Mehmet Bayrakdar, Yunanistan'da Saka Türkü Üç Filozof]


Birçok "bilimadamı" Sakaları-İskitleri "İranî" sayar, ancak gerçek hiç de öyle değildir! Hindistan'ın ilk başbakanı C.Nehru (1889-1964)'den aktaran Prof.Ağasıoğlu : "Doğu'ya giden Sakalar hakkında C.Nehru şöyle der :  - Sonra Saka akını başladı. Onlar sayıca çok idiler. Hindistan'ın kuzeybatı bölgelerine yayıldılar. Sakalar Türklerin büyük, göçen boylarındandı. Onları da öz yerinden başka bir büyük boy olan Kuşanlar çıkarmıştı - ". [Prof.Dr. Firudin Ağasıoğlu, Lidya Kralı Krez Azerbaycan'da]. 

Aynı şeyi Gandi de söylemiştir: "Hindistan bir anadır ve iki çocuğu vardır; Biri Hintliler, diğeri Türkler."


Kazakistan'dan Prof. Dr. Karjaubay Sarthocaoğlu da ; "Avrupa merkezli araştırmacıları Sakaları (İskitleri) İranlıların atası olarak nitelendiriyor, aslında onlar Türk halklarının atasıdır. Son yıllarda Avrupa merkezli araştırmacıların çalışmalarını inceleyenler, bunların çok fazla hata içerdiğini ve bilimsel dayanağı olmadığını kanıtladı. Tarihsel veriler, destan ve efsaneler, etno-kültürel kimlik, arkeolojik ve dil açısından, antik dönem Sakaların torunlarının Türkler olduğunu ortaya koymuştur" demektedir. [Karjaubay Sarthocaoğlu]


Batılılar, Hindistan'daki İskitlere "İndo-Scythian", yani Hint İskitleri demekte, ancak herhangi bir tarihçi eğer İskitleri/Sakaları İranî gösteriyorsa "İranî" denmesini dikkate almayacağız! Hindistan'ın kronolojisini anlatan ve Kaşmirli Kalhana'nın 12.yy'da yazdığı "Rajatarangini (Nehir Kralları)" adlı eserde, Kuşhanlara Turuşka (Turushka) denildiği, Turuşka sözünün de Türkler için söylendiği de bilinmektedir. Bu arada Kaşmirliler değer verdikleri bilginlerine yerel ad verirdi ki Kalhana adı da Sanskritçe değil yerel bir addır. [Prof. K.N.Dhar, Kalhana - The Chronicler] Bununla birlikte "Kavi Bilhana" adında da 11.yy'da yaşamış şairleri de bulunmaktadır. Buradaki Bilhana, yani Bil Han da tıpkı Sumerli Bilgemiş ya da Göktürk Hakanı Bilge Kağan'daki gibi Türkçedir.


Bilhana'nın hayatını anlatan 1948 yapımı filmin afişi


Aşağıdaki görselde Saka-Türk Kralı Azes (Scythian Azaz olarak da geçer)'e ait iki sikke.

Türk oturuşu ve Türk savaş geleneğine göre atının kuyruğu düğümlüdür. Azes'in bir elinde kuş var , ya Türk sanatında sıkça kullanılan avcı betimlemesi ya da ölüm, taşbabalardaki gibi ruhu kuş olup gitti, demek. Diğer elinde de devleti temsilen Kurt Ağzı dedikleri sancak bulunmakta. Kral Azes öldükten sonra Sakaların hakimiyeti bitmiş ve Kuşanların hakimiyeti başlamıştır ki MS 6.yy'a kadar devam eder. Devletin resmi dini olan Budizmi Orta Asya'ya adları bir kişi adından gelen Kuşanlar yaymıştır.

 Bu tamgalar Kırım-Tatar tamgalarıyla da benzerlik gösterir.

Pakistanlı bilginler bile Saka/İskitler ile Kuşhanların Türk kökenli olduğunu bildirilerinde sunmuştur.

"This was followed by the conquest of Sakas or Scythians and Kushans (120 BC - 200 AC). Scythian remains unearthed at Banbhore (the old port of Debal) indicate that they had advanced far to the south of Sind. Both Scythians and Kushans were of Turki origin and they conquest also..."

Sind a Historical Perspective By Dr Nabi Bakhsh Khan Baloch



Sömürge politikası güden Oxford bile itiraf eder: Kuşhanlar Türk kökenli.


Kısaca Buda Sakalardan gelir, Sakalar ve Budizmi yayan Kuşhanlar Türktür. Buda'nın "Three Jewels" dedikleri "Üç Hazine-Mücevher" betimlemesi Göktürk abecesindeki Ant sesini veren damgadır ki bugün çintemani olarak da biliniyor. Swastika olarak bildiğimiz ve Buda heykellerinde sıkça rastladığımız Oz damgası ise tüm Türk dünyasında tanrıyı temsil eder ki, Büyük Ayı'nın Kutup Yıldızı etrafındaki mevsimsel döngüsüdür. Kağan'ın tahta çıkmasını, tanrının yeryüzündeki görseli/temsili ya da tanrıyla bütünleşmek anlamına da gelir.


Semra Bayraktar (SB)


Türkçe - İngilizce karışık kaynaklar:


*** "Tanrılaştırılmış Buda gerçekte Aryan değil, Turani kökenlidir." [Forlong, Faiths of Man, Cilt 1]


*** "Hindistan'da Budizm Türkler geldikten sonra yayılır... Kendisi bir Saka prensi idi... Hintliler ona Türk Tanrısı derken, Türkler ona Tengri Burk-Han, yani Tanrı'nın Elçisi derdi. Bu sebeple her zaman mavi gözlerle betimlendi, çünkü Türkler de mavi gözlü idi..." [Murad Adji]

[ Buradaki mavi gözlü Türkler Kıpçak Türklerdir, ki Hindistan Kıpçak Türkleri tarafından yönetilmiştir. Sakaların arasında mavi göz, açık renk ten ve kızıl/sarı saç görülmekte. Çünkü Tarım Havzasında bulunan mumyalar bu özellikleri taşır. Bunların arasında da Türk var, ve en güzel kanıt ise 3500 yıllık pantolonun üzerindeki damgadır. Bu betimleme, pantolon bulunmadan önce de Türk kilim, halı ve örgüde kullanılıyordu. - SB]


İngilizcesi:

[Buddhism arose in Hindustan after the Turks had come there. Seekin the meaning of life, a certain man now known as Siddartha Gautama (Young prince of the Sakya people in what is now modern Nepal, born in the sixth century BC, known as the Buddha) came to the conclusion that Monotheism is impossible (apparently in a continuation of the spiritual dispute that originated in the Altai at that time)... The native Indians called Buddha Shakyamuni, which literally means 'Türkic God'. And the Turks called him Tanghri Burkhan, i.e. Tengri's Messenger. That's why he is sitll drawn with blue eyes, the same as all other Turks... In Nepal, near Rummindei, there is a column where the name of the founder of Buddhism is carved - the name of a human being from Shakya family who came from the North. The column was raised in the 3rd century BC. It marks the place where Buddha Shakyamuni, 'the sage from Shakya family' or the 'Turkic God' was born. The king Kanishka complemented the Buddha's image on coins with the incription 'Sakamano Boddho' and 'Bogo Boddho'. The first incription emphasized the belonging of Buddha to the Turks, and the second is translated as 'God Buddha'. That is to say that starting from the 1st century AD Buddha was identified with Tengri, which was logical for the Northern Hindustan and Middle East, which were absorbing the Altaic Culture." 

[Murad Adji]


*** BURKAN - BURK HAN - BUR HAN

Murad Adji'nin söylediklerini destekler.

"Burqantïn ö?i 'except Buddha (Burqan "Buddha')"

[Türkic Languages, Linguistics Institute, USSR Academy of Sciences, Old Türkic - Russian Dictionary (OTD), Science Publishing, Leningrad Branch, Leningrad, 1969, Editors V.M.Nadelyaev, D.M.Nasilov, E.R.Tenishev, A.M.Scherbak, Affixes and analytical constructions.]


*** "His actual name was Siddhartha, and in his family he was known as Gautama. He was born in 560 BC in a grove called Lumbini. His father, Suddhodana, was the king of the Sakya tribe, who ruled over Kapilavastu in Nepal. His mother Mahamaya died when he was only seven days old. The Sakyas were not Aryan, but of Turanian descent. Unquestionably it is amongst the Turanians where Buddhism found the most acceptances."

[Making of the Buddha, P K Chhetri, 2015]



*** "Mauryan Emperor Ashoka and others sent Buddhist preachers up to Central Asia and many of the tribes there became Buddhists. Turkic tribes like Sakas, Kushanas, when they settled on India's borders and inside it also adopted languages and religions of Hindustan.... After the collapse of Mauryan Empire in 3rd century BC, a number of Central Asian Turkic tribes, known as Sakas in India and Scythians in West, came to Hindustan and settled down there... Kushanas became Budhists and Kanishka spread this religion in Central Asia and elsewhere. Other major tribe which entered later in 6th Century AD were Huns, a branch of Hephthalis or white Huns, whose first king came to be known as Toramana in early 6th century and whose son Mihirakula was a patron of Shavism, a branch of Hinduism..." 

[Contribution of Turkic Languages in the Evolytion and Development of Hindustani Langauges, by K. Gajendra Singh, New Delhi,India, (1992-96 Ankara ve Azerbaycan'da büyükelçi, bugün Indo-Turkic Studies'in başkanı)]


*** " Anyhow, the early legends of Buddha's previous history seem to have been carried away to Cabul, as if he had lived there. This, again seems to favour the Turanian origin of the Sakyas as a race... Buddhism was not a purely indigenous religion of India, but derived from a fusion of Turanian and Aryan elements...."

[Samuel Beal, Abstract of Four Lectures on Buddhist Literature in China. (Doğu bilginiydi, Budizmin ilk kayıtlarını doğrudan Çin'den tercüme etmişti.]


*** "Troubled at the prospect that the Buddha's racial classification as Aryan might irrevocably align him with European civilization, Inoue* contended instead that the Buddha's tribe, the Sakyas, was actually a subgroup of the Scythians described in ancient Greek histories. These he linked to the Sai (Saka) tribe and the Yuezhi described in ancient Chinese records - meaning, he claimed, that the Buddha's people would be members not of the Aryan race, but of the Turanian. Conveniently, Inoue continued, the mixed race that had emerged on the Japanese archipelago in ancient times incorporated a large admixture of Turanian stock."

[Prof.Micah L. Auerback, A Storied Sage: Canon and Creation in the Making of a Japanese Buddha. kitabından . Inoue Tetsujirö (1855-1944) ise, Filozof  "To What Race Does the Buddha Belong? - Shaka wa ikanaru shuzoku nar ka - 1895]


*** "Scythian Mauas", "Scythian Azaz" olarak bahseden Sir Alexander Cunningham (The Bhilsa Topes: Or, Buddhist Monuments of Central India. Cunningham), Hindistan'da yapılan arkeolojik araştırmaların babası olarak bilinir. ancak o da İskitleri İranî dilli sayar, dikkat! (Hindistan ve Pakistan İskit/Sakalara Türk derken, bu "kibirli Batılılar" kendilerini tek uzman olarak görüp haklıymışcasına ve ısrarla İranî yapmakta! Ben en çok da, bizim bilginlerin bu batılılara biat etmelerine kızıyorum!) Bu çalışmadaki en güzel şey ise Budistlerin kutsal anıtlarının "KURGAN" benzeri olması ve TOPE olarak adlandırılmasıdır. Çünkü TOPE Türkçedir ve TEPE sözünün kendisidir. Pelasglarda da, Amerika Yerlilerinde (Alaska) de TEPE sözü görülür.


Fergusson'a göre bu TEPELER (TOPELER) en erken 1.yy ila 4.yy arasında tarihlendiriliyor.

TEPELER Buddha'yı anmak için inşa edilmiştir.

Kervan yolu boyunca da Buda için anıtlar yapılmış, heykeller dikilmiştir.

Kanişka'nın kendisi Budizmi seçmemiş olsa da halkı için Budizme büyük önem vermiştir.

Sikkelerin üzerindeki yazıtlarda çoğu Yunan abecesi kullanılmış olsa da dili "bilinmeyen bir dil" olarak sınıflandırılmış.

Bunu da söyleyen A.Cunningham'dır!

Bu "tanımlamak istemedikleri dil" tabi ki Türkçedir.

Kanişka (MS 120) sikkesi örneğinde gördüğümüz gibi

Solda: Elinde sancağı ile Kanişka bir sunu yaparken

Sağda: Büyük İskender'in gelişiyle etkilenen kültür Güneş Tanrısı Helios'u betimlemiş ki Buda da bir Güneş (Aydınlatan) olarak tanımlanır. Ancak bunu sadece "Yunan" kültürüne bağlamak da yanlış, çünkü Hakasya'da bulunan Okunev-Türk kültürü hem daha eski hem de Sakaların atalarına ait güneş sembolleri bulunmaktadır.

Yazıtta Yunan abecesi kullanılmış ancak BAŞİL (Basil-eus) yazdığı görülmektedir ki Türkçedir "Kralların Kralı" anlamına gelen "İlbaşların/beylerin İlbaşı" demektedir.

Early gold coin of Kanishka I with Greek language legend and Helios. (c. 120 AD). Obverse: Kanishka standing, clad in heavy Kushan coat and long boots, flames emanating from shoulders, holding a standard in his left hand, and making a sacrifice over an altar: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΝ ΚΑΝΗϷΚΟΥ Basileus Basileon Kanishkoy "[Coin] of Kanishka, king of kings". Reverse: Standing Helios, forming a benediction gesture with the right hand. ΗΛΙΟΣ Helios. Kanishka monogram (tamgha) to the left.

BASİL(-eus) is TURKİSH of ETYMOLOGY > BAŞ (head, leader) İL (country, land)

TAMGHA is TURKİSH of ETYMOLOGY >  TAMGA/DAMGA (mark, symbol)

Bölgede TEGİN/TİGİN (tagino), YABGU ve BAŞİL gibi Türkçe unvanlar kullanılmaktaydı.


"Kabulistan bölgesiyle Afganistan'ın güneydoğusunda YABGU unvanına sahip Kuşhan liderlerinden biri, iktidarı ele geçirerek kısa sürede büyük bir krallık haline gelen, küçük bir alan kurmuştu." - Dr.Eduard Rtveladze / Kazak Tv "Kushan Kingdom" video


Dr. Rtveladze'nin burada bahsettiği YABGU unvanı Kassit Türklerinde de görülür ki, bu da sözcüğün İrani olmadığını kanıtlar. Çünkü, MÖ 18.yy ila MÖ 12.yy arasında tarih sahnesinde yerini alan Kassitler döneminde İranî sayılan hiçbir topluluk bu topraklara ayak basmamıştır. İranî toplulukların bu bölgedeki tarihi MÖ 800'den önceye gitmez. YABGU unvanı Ak Hunlar, Hazarlar, Türk Kağanlığı (Göktürk) ve Oğuzlarda da görülmektedir. Yani, bazı akademisyenlerimiz bilgilerini güncellemek durumundadır. Örneğin Dr. Mehmet Tezcan'ın "Yabgu Unvanı" makalesinde "Türkçe menşeli olmayıp Sakalarla bağlantılı bir kelime" derken "İranî tesiri"ni olduğunu yazmaktadır ki yanlış ve eksiktir. Öncelikle; "Türkçe kökenli olmayıp Sakalarla" derken, yanlış yönlendirme yapmakta, çünkü Sakalar da Türkçe konuşmaktadır. İkincisi de Kassitlerle ilgilidir, İranîler henüz tarih sahnesine çıkmamıştır. Kassitler (Kaslar) Türktür ve Sakaların da atalarındandır.

[Dr. Mehmet Tezcan, Yabgu Unvanı ve Kullanımı (Kuşanlardan İlk Müslüman Türk Devletlerine Kadar), Atatürk Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları Enstitüsü Dergisi, 2012, Cilt 0, Sayı 48, Sayfalar 305 - 342]


"At the beginning of our area one of the Kushan leaders, who had the title YABGU, somewhere in Kabulistan region, and in southeast of Afghanistan seach the power and established a small domain, which soon became a kingdom. Inscripitons on the coins depict his rights. At first they called him Zaoou, which means leader in Greek [*], and YABGU in Turkic, in İranian [*], because there are different views on the origin of word of YABGU. Then called him a King, and King of Kings. So the history of the great Kushan State began with this person. his name was Kujula Kadphises."

Dr.Eduard Rtveladze, Academician, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Scientific Director of the Project, Chairperson of Scientific Council of World Scientific Society for Study, Preservation and Popularization of Cultural Heritage of Uzbekistan.

[* ] Zaoou maybe a broken word of Yabgu, dialect maybe? Yabgu>Yauva>Zauva>Zaoou? Or of Heraus>Zaooy? But at first Yabgu is Turkish of etymology, also to be seen among Kassite Turks. So, it is not İranian! Because there was no İranian tribes at the time of Kassites (18th.12th BC) in Near East. Even among Hephthalites (Abdaly or White Hun-Turks) is the title YABGU to be seen, after Kushan-Turks. SB


*** The Kushan era marked an important stage in the history of Buddhism. This is explained by the fact that Sakas (in Greek sources known as Scythians) were directly related to the Shaky clan from the central part of northern India, in which the Buddha Shakyamuni was born (or Sakyamuni – literally translated as “the Sage of the Saka clan.”) Proof of this fact is the genetic testing of the direct descendants of this spiritual enlightener, conducted by Kazakh scientists during an expedition to Nepal. The processing and analysis of DNA test data were carried out by the Kazakh Company “Shejire DNA” and decoding was carried out in the USA, in the world-famous laboratory “Family Tree DNA.”


In addition, several indirect evidences were found to support this theory. These are artefacts where Sakas motifs can be traced. For example, the cult Buddhist Vajra object is reminiscent of the Adji sign denoting the deity Tengri.

Furthermore, while visiting Nepal, Bhutan and Sri Lanka, I found that some words have similar meanings with the Kazakh language. For example, there are such words as “aga,” “ata,” “ana,” “apa,” “koke,” “tate,” which over time are pronounced with slight phonetic changes and perceived slightly new meanings. It is noteworthy that the peoples of these countries speak different languages and have different cultures and histories. From this, it follows that the unifying factor of these states is Buddhism and these words entered their languages with the arrival of the first Buddhists. Thus, part of the inhabitants of modern India and neighbouring countries that were part of the Kushan Kingdom, have a gene of the Steppe people, and they also adopted some words from the Sakas, who were the ancestors to the Turkic people. In this regard, I would like to share one interesting episode of my life. While waiting at the airport for boarding a flight, I saw how a Japanese Buddhist monk was located next to me, who, as it turned out, had been in Kazakhstan. We had a rather lively conversation, in which we also touched upon Buddhist themes. During the conversation, I talked about the “Golden Man” – a descendant of the Saka leader, whose grave was found in 1970 near the Kazakh city of Issyk. All his clothes, weapons, crown and jewellery were made of gold. This burial dates from the V-IV century BC. I noted that to date 5 such golden people have been found. Thus, the territory of Kazakhstan is the valley of the burial of Sakas Kings. In this context, I expressed the opinion that he and the Buddha may be close relations belonging to the same member of royal families of the Sakas, as the Buddha also came from a royal family. On the other hand, my interlocutor, dispelling all my doubts, replied: “in fact, it would be so.”

[Bulat Sarsenbayev, King of the Kushan dynasty Kanishka, Astanatimes, 3 JUNE 2020]



*** Buda Saka boyundan gelir, ancak İskitleri İranî gösterir, dikkate almayınız!..

[Greek Buddha: Pyrrho's Encounter with Early Buddhism in Central Asia, by Christopher I. Beckwith]



SB


Budda is from Saka tribe, and Scythians/Sakas are not İranian, but Turkish tribe as the Kushans!.. This "İranian" deception must end !

Every culture matters, every culture deserve respect, but, twisting the history, falsifying with knowledge, who ever is doing, is wrong, and not acceptable! And don't say "don't give us a point of view of Turkish scholars", is just nonsensical! Who says that the Westerners are truthfully? We trust everyone who ever take pen in his/her hand, don't, because they do have the ability to lie according to their political views.  Because writing history, is partly based on the author's comments. So, we must read the history from both and from the third/fourt side. Stealing the heritage from another nation is committing a crime to that nation, humankind and history. Just like stealing the artifacts from a kurgan or ancient settlement.


Kushans are Turkish tribe. By the way, mostly use the word Turkic, but I don't, as I say before, again, Turkic is given name by the westerners, not us, ooo no... We do say Kazakh-Turk, Uzbek-Turk or Saka-Turk, (you get the idea), and not Kazakh-Turkic!


Every Turkish tribe knows that the Kushans are Turkish tribe, and not just the Turks from Türkiye, but also from Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan or Azerbaijan. Because, Kushans are also known as Avar-Turks, or White Hun-Turks (Abdaly, Hephthalites). and they were known in İndia as Turushka! And everyone knows that Turushka is an other name for Turk.


About the inscription "Basileus"... It is %100 Turkish! First, -eus is not Greek of origin, and second, Basil < Baş-il, and the meaning is Baş=Head ; il=Country, State = The Head of the Country, i.e. the Leader, so in westerner point a King. The Greek alphabet doesn't have ş (sch), so they wrote as Bas instead of Baş. On a coin of Scythian King Sariakos (180 BC) wrote Basi Sari =  Leader Sarı, Kağan Sarı or King Sarı (Sarı is also Turkish (blond or yellow in every Turkish dialect). I'm writing at this moment in English, am I an English now?... Just like claiming today "Greek Yoghurt", as if there were a "Greek Yoghurt"!.. Yoghurt is %100 Turkish word and invention! Advertisement and mass media is important ofcourse, you can fool everyone!... Everything around us became political! Damn!...


And please read this to..:

Prof.Dr. Mirfatyh Zakiev's about Kushans, Tochars and Sakas:


SB.





17 Ekim 2017 Salı

Himalayalar'da Taşatlar




TAŞATLAR 
Ghora Gali - Himalaya / Keşmir Pakistan / Hindistan sınırı


Aslında Ghora Gali, Pakistan ile Hindistan arasında kalan Punjab eyaletine bağlı dağlık bir yerleşim yeri. Rus haber ajansında "Hindistan" ve "Rusların keşfi - Ekim 2017" gibi sunmaları anlaşılır değildir. Çünkü Hindistan basının'da "Ocak 2017" de çıkmış yerel halk tarafından da "turistik bir merkez" olarak da gezinilen bir yermiş.


Himalaya'da Ortaçağ döneminden 200 kadar Taşat bulundu. 
(Tarihçiler Hindistan'ın Ortaçağ dönemini 6.yy ila 16.yy arasına koyar: Erken dönemi 6.yy-13.yy; Geç dönem 13.yy-16.yy)


Rus Basınından:
Rus akademisyenlerin önderliğinde yapılan keşifte iki adet kutsal alan ve 200 kadar atlı taş heykeller bulundu. Hintliler tarafından bilinen, lakin ilk ortaya çıkarılan taşatların bazılarında iki veya üç kişi oturuyor. Araştırmayı yapanlar Hindistan ikonografisinde daha önce böyle bir şey olmadığını, ulaşılması güç olan Himalayalar'da iz bırakanların, birden ortaya çıkıp yok olan topluluğa ait olduğunu düşünüyorlar. 

Lakin bizimkilere sormuş olsalardı, onların Kıpçaklara ait olduklarını bilirlerdi. Delhiler - Balabanlar kimmiş?... O nasıl bir Rus akademisyen ki Deşti-Kıpçak'ı hiç mi duymamış? :)

SB




Press: Russian scientists found in the Himalayas 200 unique medieval sculptures 

They discovered two ritual complexes with unique unknown stone figures from the early Middle Ages in the Himalayas, Kashmir Province, India.

"Two ritual complexes were found here, it is far and high in the mountains, where it is not easy to get there. About 200 stone horsemen were found in the sanctuary, and their specificity is that sometimes not one person, but two, three or four people sit on a horse. It seems that everything has been known in India for a long time, but in fact, these things have been found for the first time.

But what kind of population is this is a big problem, because there was nothing like it in the iconography in India before, it's some kind of population that suddenly appeared in the Himalayas, settled in hard-to-reach areas and left such a trace,"

Vyacheslav Molodin - - 12/10/2017
"Российские ученые нашли в Гималаях 200 уникальных средневековых скульптур"

спросите наших ученых, и они скажут вам, что это турецкая культура - SB

How can something be discovered when it is known to the local people? Or it was in the news in January 2017 in indiapress? And ask our scholars, they will tell you that these are Turkish Stone Horses; "Taşat", which belongs to the Kipchak Tribe: Delhi Turkish Sultanate: Balaban...or... Who was here in the Middle Ages? And did this Russian scientists never heard of the "Dashti-Kipchak Empire"?..  ;)



"Baba Dhansar"da Taşbaba/Balballar 
Stone Fathers/Balbals (Turkish Culture) (Baba is Turkish) - Karua-Jammu & Kashmir State



Turks in İndia and Pakistan


... In India is “Mahabharata” manuscript, or “The Great Story of Descendants of Bharata” – the chronicle of ancient Hindustan. Some pages are dedicated to the Naga there.

Their native land, as it is seen from the legends, is to the north where are hidden teeming treasures and an iron cross. But another most interesting happened: after the arrival of the Türks the man “in a shirt” born in Altai by a serpent became known in Hindustan. The Indians gave him a name of Bhima. “Mahabharata” makes one think so – it says that a newcomer has “the wolf's belly”, i.e. that he is a man with wolfskin. If we keep the origin of that image in mind, such assertion doesn’t seem incredible; Altaic subjects are revealed in the text one after another. Even more so, because the Nagas formed a royal dynasty, which early in the I millennium left a real trace in the Northern India.

“Mahabharata” consists of eighteen books. According to Orientalists it is the most comprehensive history in the world that reflects the course of events in the I millennium BC. The legends that formed the basis of those rare books were formed two and half thousand years ago and even earlier, they are connected with the newcomers from the North, which is perhaps stated in each of one hundred thousand distichs of the text.

It describes a culture absolutely different from culture that had existed in the Hindustan before. Serious monographs and research of many generations of scientists are dedicated to it. Having thoroughly analyzed the ancient text, scientists determined that the epos was written about one and a half thousand years ago and not much has been changed in it since then.

But who were those newcomers – heroes of ancient legends? Where is their native land? And are there answers to these questions? A great variety of opinions exists – this is the beginning of politics! Some send them to Ural, others – to Tibet. But not to the Altai! That’s how The communal mentality of the western science is manifested in a strange way. As though treading invisible orders, it does not associate anything on the continent with the Türks. Like a taboo… Well, let it be so.

But… Researches, including those from the West, turned their attention to the fact that the ancient Indian eposes (“Mahabharata”, “Ramayana”) and Vedic literature often describe natural phenomena which the native Indians were not able to see. Even theoretically. For instance, staionary Pole Star and the Big Bear. An in addition – snow, ice and frosty nights lasting for months. A long day with a midnight sun, and the northern constellations which could be seen “high in the sky” only in the regions lying not further south than fifty fifth degree of northern latitude.

In India, the Big Bear is hidden beyond the horizon, it cannot be seen there.

Nevertheless, to it were dedicated poetical compositions… Isn't that strange? And who, apart from the natives of Ancient Altai that lies on those very latitudes, could see the northern sky? It cannot be seen from the peaks of Tibet. The “Uralic” version is even less feasible, it could only be suggested by people who have never visited the Polar Ural and know nothing of its nature and archeological details.

Those natural phenomena can be met only in the Altai! Alas, geography meddles with the history here, and it cannot be suppressed by censorship. Maybe that’s why the Earth is still round? It is nice that at least that remains unchanged.

 In the epos of ancient India the “geographical discoveries” are everywhere. Take another example, perhaps the most important one, characterizing the native land of newcomers. Mount Meru. That’s not a mountain, that is a mountain chain stretching from East to West; the Meru is called Golden Mountain in the epos. That is the God's abode where “the souls of all creatures is located”. It turns out that there is a day in a year when the radiant sun, encircling Meru, returns to its bottom.

That is how the sun rotates. Thus appeared the pradaksina – the rite of circumambulating in a clockwise direction an image, relic, shrine or another sacred object.

The ceremony which showed respect to relics. Even the sun does it.

That sacred mountain is situated in the Altai – in Ondugai Region; it is called Sumer. That is the heart of Altai – the most sacred place for the Türks. It can be compared only with Kailas.

There are hundreds of ancient kurgans there, solitude and prayers. It is a real temple in the open, thousands of years old. For thousands of years people were visiting it.

Sumer is the altar of Altai, where one shouldn’t shout, and hunting is not allowed. In summer there is a day when the sun rises from one side of the mountain and sets upon the other. That could never be invented. The same with the fact that the top of the mountain is covered with snow, and each snowflake is somebody's soul, its material state. It is dazzling in the sunshine, which is the explanation of the following line in Indian Vedas: “That wonderful mountain shone with flights of wondrous birds” – that’s how they used to talk about Meru, the eternal snowfield, the source of a sacred river, pure and the most transparent in the world.

Souls of sinners are cleansed here, in the furnace of ordeals.

“Su” means “water” in the Türkic; that explains the meaning of the name “Sumer”. The “Heavenly Ganges” of Indian Vedas has its source there – in the spring of the world spirituality… Later, two adjacent peaks made the Altaians speak of Uch-Sumer (Three Sumers) as of unity of the world. It is its a philosophy which is as hard to understand by an uninitiated as to cognize Time… What is Time, indeed? And the Altyn-Kel (Golden Lake) ([Russ.] Lake Telets or [Turk.] Milk Sea) was also known in India; they knew of its “life-giving water” and banks covered with groves and forests, glades redolent of flowers, and they also knew that in winter only half of the lake freezes over and even that not every year, although it is located “on the northern hillside of Mount Meru”. That’s right. Even the milky water during the winter is described in the Indian legend. That is frazil, acicular (needle-shaped) ice; it is as white as snow, and it covers the surface. One cannot walk on it… This is a natural phenomenon of Altai – no censorship can change it. The unique phenomenon is created by hot underground sources flowing into the lake.

● The “White Milk Lake” is also described in a Khakas legend where the same geographical coordinates connected with Sumer mountain are given. In the legend, it has “golden banks reminding of a horse's eyes”… “Mahabharata” is amazing because that it describes Altai from the point of view of an eyewitness, it describes it as a country of bliss, the sacred abode, it pays more attention not to nature, but to the people for whom the divine justice is frequent. It emphasizes the worship of Heavenly God!.. Such words can be written only about the native land that one had left; they come from the heart, not from the mind.

These are religious rites of “white men”, the “laws of connoisseurs and righteous men”, “marked with all good signs, shining like the moon”, they penetrate “eternal God”. That was Altai, that was the belief of its inhabitants. That was for real! The first book of “Mahabharata” should be really interesting for Turkologists, since it contains information of Nagas and their way of life. As a matter of fact, that is the ancient history of Altai, the history of the Türks which is absent in most other sources. The falk epos of India is a unique storage of memory. Legends inadvertently confirm not only the Great Migration of Nations, but also its consequences.

Indian scientists are absolutely sure that the Nagas are real historical tribes who came to the Hindustan's north. Twenty five centuries passed after their coming – a long time – and archeology confirmed the coming of the Nagas.

As a matter of fact, “Mahabharata” is not a collection of fairy tales; it is a historical book consisting of many legends – that was the cultural tradition of India, where scientists regard historical legends as reliable documents of the epoch. In contrast to Russia, ancient texts are sacred there; it didn’t even occur to anyone to correct or rewrite them… Can the past be changed? Certainly not.

The Indians don’t hide that they took “Prajnaparamita”, which has become the base of the Hindustan diversified culture, from the Türks. It has become a kind of Indian Bible or Koran. Itt is a primordial collection of wisdom. Only outstanding enlighteners – people with crystal souls – were allowed to read it, since not every man of mould could perceive high thoughts and sooths contained in it....

Murad Adji 
Türks in India - more to read link




Turkish Stone Horses "Taşat" in Azerbaijan


Stone Horse "Taşat" from Kipchak Turks period in Ukraine



ilgili:





24 Kasım 2016 Perşembe

Urdu, Chagatai and Turkish



Modern Urdu is the national language of Pakistan and is also spoken by many millions of people in India.

Like the "Red Turkish Flag" on Pakistanı Rupee


Urdu language (6th to 13th c) developed more during the Delhi Sultanate (1206–1526) and the Mughal Empire . "Urdu" itself is derived from the Turkish word "Ordu (army)" or "Orda", from which English "Horde" and Latin "Orde - Order (arrenged) - ōrdō (line of soldiers; band, troop)" is also derived from.


[That's why info like : "From Proto-Italic *ord-n- ‎(“row, order”). Maybe from Proto-Indo-European *h₂or-d-, from *h₂er-, whence artus."; is nonsense!]



* Delhi Sultanate 1206-1526 : The Delhi Sultanate was a Muslim Turkish kingdom that ruled over large parts of India for 320 years. Five dynasties ruled over Delhi Sultanate sequentially, the first four of which were of Turkish origin and the last was the Afghan Lodi. The Lodi dynasty was replaced by the Mughal dynasty which was also a Turkish State.



* Mughal Empire 1526-1858:  Babür in Turkish, (the Baburnamah, a autobiographical memoir of Babür, is familiar), called Mughal in Persian language after Mongolia; called also as Turkish-Mongolian Dynasty. 


Babür Şah (Babur Shah) was the son of Chagatai, son of Genghis Khan. Genghis Khan belonged to a Turkish tribe Börçegin (Börte Tekin = Borjigin = Blue (Sky)-Grey Wolf), and that's why some Turcologist claim that he was Turkish. His born name was Temujin (Temuçin) . Genghis Khan had many traditions accepted from Turkish culture and had many Turkish tribes, soldiers and consultant in his empire. It was difficult to seperate the Mongolian and Turkish language till the 13th century. 


Chagatai Khan spoke Turkish. Today they call it as "Chagatai Turkish Language" (Çağatay-Hakaniye- Karahanlı Türkçesi) and it is the language of Uzbek Turks. Ali-Shir Navai (15th c), an Uzbek-Turkish poet, wrote in Chagatai Turkish. 


This Turkish belongs to Karluk Turkish family, a Turkish tribe who fled from Genghis Khan to Alaska, and became a Native American. (Karluk tribe is also one of the other tribes, who established Karahanli Turkish State, the first state who accepted the İslam, 840-1212). 


Karluk Turks was also among T'ang Dynasty :"Four Karluks (+tribes) from the region of Lake Balkhash (Balkaş), sent to Ch'ang-an (T'ang) by the Uighurs in 822" [Edward H. Schafer-The Golden Peaches of Samarkand: A Study of Tʻang Exotics]


An other Turkish Art is the Taj Mahal. Built by the students of Mimar Sinan (Architect Sinan from İstanbul, 1490-1588, also known as the architect of the bridge in Mostar Bosnia) between 1632-1652, in order of Shah Jahan (Şah Cihan) a Turkish-Mughal emperor.



Turks-Mongolians-Indians-Pakistanis-T'angs



The word "order" (arrenged) is derived from "ordo-order-ōrdō (line of soldiers, band, troop)" and it is not Latin of origin, but Turkish. Means army, troop, line of soldiers in Turkish. 

Info like this: 
(Latin, Etymology: From Proto-Italic *ord-n- ‎(“row, order”). "Maybe from Proto-Indo-European" *h₂or-d-) 
=  is nonsense!
This means that Turkish langauge was already in ancient times in the Mediterranean Basin !




Murad Adji - Türks in India

"A special book should be written about the Urdu language – the official language of Pakistan and certain northern states of India. It is widespread and it is coyly called a dialect of Hindi. However, it is not clear why it is full of Türkic words and expressions. And the phrase morphology is also Türkic. Why very few Indians understand Urdu while any Azeri can easily speak it several days after coming? It appears that Urdu is the ancient dialect of the Türkic language – Oguz dialect. But it is practically impossible to convince linguists of it. And how can it be done since they find in Urdu plenty of Arab, Persian words and… not a single Türkic one? It is an envious myopia" 
(tr.note:The Urdu in Urdu stands for Türkic Ordu ~ English horde, so at least one Türkic word exists in the Urdu lexicon).



"The word 'otaq', 'sitting room', of the occurs in Shah's poetry. This word of Turkish origin is always used in the Risalo to describe the Divine presence: it is Punhun's place in the Sassui circle, Mehar's placce in the Sohni tale, and is also the high hall where the Yogis meet and inspire those who have come to listen to their songs. (Ram.IX 3-13) as it is now the part of the compound where honored male guests are received by the host. The word was in use already before Shah Latif; it is found in Mian Inat's verse as well, and points to the Turkish influence that was prevalent in Sind from 1520 onward, when the Turkish dynasty of the Arghun, descending from Afghanistan, overcame the last indigenous Sindhi rulers; they themselves were followed by the Turkish family of the Tarkhan under whom Sind fell to the Mughal Empire. The connection of the word 'otaq' with the dwelling place of the ruler is spiritualized in Shah Abdul Latif's verse, but expresses well his idea of God as the King and Lord par excellence."

Annemarie Schimmel
Pain and Grace: A Study of Two Mystical Writers of Eighteenth-Century Muslim




* Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai (1689-1752) was a Sindhi Sufi scholar (in Pakistan). He was influenced by Mevlana Rumi (1207-1273 Konya).

* The meeting place in every village was known as 'Otaq'. But Otaq means ('Otağ' =Tr.), Ruler tent, house of Turkish nomads. Many use the word 'yurt' for that, but it is wrong. [OTAĞ. yabancı dile yanlış olarak giren YURT, ki o da Türkçe'dir.]

* The Tarkhan dynasty (Urdu: سلسله ترخان‎), or Turkhan dynasty, was established by Turkic Tarkhan and ruled Sindh, Pakistan from 1554 to 1591 AD. General Mirza Isa Beg founded the Tarkhan dynasty in Sindh after the death of Shah Husayn Arghun of the Arghun dynasty. Mughal emperor Akbar annexed Sindh after defeating the last Tarkhan ruler.

SB






Even Chingiz Khan (=Cengiz Han ; Temujin=Temuçin) spoke Turkish !...news April 2016




""Moğollar ile Türkler arasında ayrım yok. 13.yüzyıla kadar Türkçe Moğolca ayrımı yapamıyorlar, orada yaşayanlar için aynı dil gibi görünüyordu. Çin kaynaklarında Moğollar Türkler gibidirler diye geçer. Moğollar daha doğuda yaşıyordu, Türkler terkedince o bölgeye geliyorlar.Cengizhan'ın mensup olduğu Börteçine (kurt prensliği) sülalesinin Türk olma ihtimali vardır. "Türkler bin boydur, bu bin boyun biri de Moğoldur." derler."" 
Prof.Dr.Ahmet Taşağıl