Turkish Culture; Çevgen (Chevgen)

 

Seljuk #Turks Playing Chevgen (Polo), 13th c.

Ball and Stick, 1000-800 BC, from Turfan and

Coat of Arms of Mamluk Turks, 12th-13th c.

Chevgen (Çevgen/Çevgan/Çöğen), known as Polo to the Westerners, is a Turkish tradition and culture. The game, which has been practiced as "riding training" since the 6th century BC, was also played for entertainment during diplomatic negotiations and congresses.

* The Saka Turks performed their riding training by wrapping an enemy's skull in a piece of textile, which is why Saka Queen Tomyris' revenge against Cyrus the Great included his "skull."

* The oldest piece of chevgen equipment ever was found was in Turfan, East Turkestan; the artifacts date back to 1000-800 BC. The leather covered balls were found in three separate kurgans in 2003 (in total 3000 kurgans). The world's oldest trousers (1500 BC) was also found in Turfan, which also belongs to the Turkish history.

(PS. The Achaemenid/Achaemenids, which is known today as "Persians," did not exist at that time!)

* In the Shahnameh, Persians and Turanians (Turks) play a match, and of course, in the Shahnameh, written with an Persian perspective, the Turks, referred as "novices", win. However, not only is the fact that the Shahnameh was writing in the eleventh century, but the ancient inhabitants of the region, the Saka-Scythian Turks, also not mentioned as Turkic tribes. The Turanians in the Shahnameh is the tribe of Alp Er Tonga (=Afrasiab, also the clan of Tomyris (Tomris, still a female name among Turks). It should also be remembered that the game was played during the Safavid period in İran, and the Safavids, who are also Turk, was considered as "Iranians." For this reason, many "Western travelers" or sources claim that Polo was invented by the Persians. This was completely misunderstanding, misleading and false info (and still ongoing).

* Chevgen (çevgen) entered India from the Himalayas with the Saka and Hun Turks, and was played by the Mughal Turks (the founder is Babur, from the Timurid Dynasty).

* The Chinese encountered the chevgen (through those who left the Asian-Hun and Turkic Khaganates) during the Tang Dynasty (partly a Turk dynasty), and used them to train their "cavalry." In fact, many Turkic traditions and cultures were copied by the Chinese during this period, such as wearing trousers or knotting the tails of their horses.

* Chevgen, which was also enjoyed by the Mamluk, Kipchak, Seljuk, and Ottoman periods. Was also played by Eastern Roman nobles in the twelfth century. Anna Komnene's book the Alexiad, describes the Turkish commander Tatikios and Alexios playing a type of chevgen called "Tzikanistirion." The emperor even fell from his horse and injured his knee. It is also known that Turkish women played chevgen, challenging the men.

* After the martyrdom of Husayn (Hüseyin; son of Ali and Fatma and grandson of Mohammed) and the beheading, which affected Muslim Turks (especially those living in Türkiye), chevgen game was banned among Muslims for centuries. Of course, dismounting and sedentary lifestyle were the other factors.

* According to a legend, Darius sent a ball and a stick to insult Alexander. This event is also used in the Scottish epic "King Alexander" and Shakespeare's "Henry V." However, they never played in Scotland or in England, until the 19th century. In the 1850s, it was brought to England from India, by British who were colonizing the land. But it became a pastime for the "nobility." The British also adapted the word "Pulu" (ball), which they learned in India, to Polo.

* Azerbaijani Turks embraced this Turkish culture and brought it back to life, even had added to UNESCO's Intangible Cultural Heritage List in 2013 as "Chevgan/Chovgan" (ancient Karabakh horse-sport game). Thus, this also invalidated the claims of Iran, China, India, and England that this game was "theirs."

This "game" is 100% an invention of the Turks.

"Playing" it without a saddle or stirrups requires skills...

SB

Mamluk Turks, 12th-13th c

#ArtofTurks

#Turkish Culture

Türk Sanatı

 

Yuka Kadoi'ya:

Görseldeki kesinlikle Pers Sanatı değildir. Pers Sanatı hakkında yazıyorsanız Pers Sanatı kullanın, Türk Sanatı değil! Okuyucuların bilinçaltına "görsel=Pers" işliyor ve yanıltıyorsunuz! Birçok kişi bu görselin açıklamasını okumaz, içinde doğru açıklaması olsa da! Peki var mı?

SB

*

To Yuka Kadoi:

Congrats? 

The image on the cover is definitely not Persian art. If you're writing about Persian art, please use Persian art, and not Turkish art! You're subconsciously embedding the "this image = Persian", and you're misleading your readers! Many people won't read the description of this image, even if it contains a correct description inside! Does it have the correct description?

Yuka Kadoi, is a faculty member of University of Vienna, Institut für Kunstgeschichte / Department of Art History.

ROYAL SELJUK-TURK CARVED STUCCO PANEL,

Form (not Persian!) IRAN, 12TH CENTURY

 

#Türksanatı #Türk #sanat #art

#Turkishart  and not #Persian 

Ayhan, Aigan

 

Kartaca yakınlarındaki Bordj-Djedid'te bulunan bu mozaik parçasında Ayhan'ı görebiliyor olmak 😉 

MS 5.-6.yy / British müzesinde

Ayhan (=Aigan) , Afrika'da süvari komutanı, 533-534

O bir Hun'du (o ve Sunikas Massaget kökenliydi). Haziran 530'daki Dara Savaşı'nda Ayhan ve Sunicas, Belisarius komutasındaki Roma ordusunda altı yüz süvariye komuta ettiler. Pers sağ kanadının bozguna uğratılmasına yardım ettiler ve daha sonra Hunlar Simmas ve Askan komutasındaki Roma sağ kanadını güçlendirmek için transfer edildiler.

533 yılına gelindiğinde Belisarius'un ev halkının önde gelen bir üyesiydi ve onun muhafız subaylarından biriydi; (o ve Rufinus). Bu konumu Dara'daki kahramanlığına mı borçlu olduğu yoksa zaten Belisarius'un hanesinde mi bulunduğu Procopius tarafından açıklığa kavuşturulmamıştır.

533 yılında Belisarius'la birlikte Vandallara karşı sefere gönderilen dört süvari komutanından biriydi. Aralık ortasındaki Tricamarum savaşında (Kartaca yakınlarında ) Roma ordusunun sağ kanadındaki süvari komutanlarından biriydi.

534 yılında Belisarius Konstantinopolis'e döndüğünde o ve Rufinus I. Süleyman'ın (Solomon) emrinde Afrika'da kaldılar. Muhtemelen 534'ün sonlarında Byzacena'da (Tunus) süvari kuvvetlerine komuta ettiler ve burada bir Mağribi akıncı grubunu pusuya düşürerek onları öldürüp esirleri serbest bıraktılar. İntikam almak için çok kalabalık bir Mağribi ordusu tarafından saldırıya uğradılar ve cesurca savaştıktan sonra yenildiler; Ayhan ve Rufinus da savaşta öldürüldü.

NOT:

Belisarius; İmparator I. Justinianus döneminde Doğu Roma İmparatorluğu'nun başkomutanı.

Bu imparatorlukların da Türksüz orduları/komutanları yok gibi...

Aigan (Ayhan), cavalry commander in Africa, 533-534

He was a Hun (he and Sunicas were Massaget genos). At the battle of Dara in June 530 Aigan and Sunicas commanded six hundred cavalry in the Roman army under Belisarius. They helped to rout the Persian right wing and were then transferred to strengthen the Roman right wing under the Huns Simmas and Ascan.

By 533 he was a prominent member of the household of Belisarius, where he was one of the officers of his bodyguard; (he and Rufinus). Whether he owed this position to his valour at Dara or was already in Belisarius' household is not made clear by Procopius.

In 533 he was one of the four cavalry commanders sent with Belisarius on the expedition against the Vandals. At the battle of Tricamarum in mid December he was one of the cavalry commanders on the right wing of the Roman army.

In 534 he and Rufinus remained in Africa under Solomon I when Belisarius returned to Constantinople. Probably in late 534 they commanded cavalry forces in Byzacena where they ambushed a Moorish raiding party, killing them and freeing their prisoners. In revenge they were the attacked by a Moorish army in overwhelming numbers and after fighting bravely were overcome; Aigan was killed in the battle, also Rufinus.

PS: Being able to see Ayhan in this mosaic fragment found in Bordj-Djedid near Carthage 😉 Because the brand on the horse is a Turkish mark (belonging to a tribe, clan or family). 5th-6th century AD / British Museum

Aigan (Ayhan), TR etymology, male name, still in use among Turks.

Hun and Massaget = Turkish tribes.

SB

Taştık Türk Kültürü / Oglahtı Hakasya Kaya Resmi

Tashtyk Turk Culture / Oglakhty Rock Art

Kipchak-Alban Turks - Gravestone in Azerbaijan
 

Nasır Purpirar ve Persopolis

Persepolis asla bitirilmemiştir. Sadece %30 u yapılmıştır. Şuan ki hali, aslında 2500 yıl önceki halinin aynısıdır. Persepolis Elamlara ait zigurat üzerinde bulunmaktadır. İran coğrafyasında gece-gündüz sıcaklık farklılıkları yüzünden taş binalara uygun değildir. Ayrıca kullanılan figürler yerli figürler değildir, bunların çoğu Mezopotamya'ya aittir. 

Bitmemiş bir "sarayda" resmi törenleri, kutlamaları nasıl yapıyorlardı? Purim Katliamı'nın üzeri nasıl örtülmüştür ? 

Hepsini video/belgeselde anlatmaktadır... Bir önceki paylaşım da "Purim Katliamı"ile ilgilidir.

"Nasır Purpirar'ın* "İran Tarihinin Temeli Üzerine Düşünürken" başlıklı seri kitaplarında ortaya konulmuş olan belgeler 

ve kaynaklar esas alınarak hazırlanmıştır."

"KİMSESİZ SARAYLAR"

video

* İranlı tarihçi ve yazar. Purpirar bugünkü Farsların eski Perslerle ilgisinin olmadığını iddia eder. Fars milletçilerinin Darius ve Keyhüsrev'i (Kyros-Kuruş) İran şahı gibi gösterdiklerini, ama onların aslında Slav olduğunu açıklar. Söz konusu kişilerin İran`la herhangi bir ilgisi olmadığını belirten Purpirar, onların Yahudilerin maddi imkanlarından ve idarecilik yeteneklerinden istifade ederek, ilk önce Mezopotomya`ya girdiklerini kaydeder. Purpirara göre İran Şahı olarak tanıtılan Kuruş, Babil`e hakim olarken, İran`ın ne olduğu konusunda bile bir fikri yoktur. Kuruş`un yazdırdığı fetihnamede Babil`den söz ettiği ve o yazıda İran veya benzeri hiçbir deyime rastlanmıyor. “12 Asır Sükut” eserinde çeşitli belgelerden yararlanan Purpirar, Tevrat`ta İran`ın tarihi ve medeniyeti ile ilgili birçok ipucu bulunduğunu kaydediyor. Purpirar`a göre, bugün İran diye adlandırılan ülkenin tarihini ve medeniyetini Farsların iddia ettiği gibi Persler yaratmamıştır. Fars milliyetçilerinin, uydurma bir tarih yazarak, üstünlük iddialarını kuvvetlendirmeye çalıştığını savunur. Eseri , İran İslam Cumhuriyetinde infial uyandırmış , adeta yer yerinden oynamıştır. Gözaltına alınan ve sorgulanan Purpirar`a ağır eziyet çektirilmiş ve hain ilan edilmiştir. İran`da bu yazarın kitaplarının basılması ve satışı yasaklandıktan sonra kitaplar Singapur ve başka ülkelerde bastırılmıştır. 

Nasir Purpirar - On İki Asır Sukut: (PDF)

Kitabından:

Охuculаrın mütаliəsinə təqdim оlunаn bu kitаb Оrtа Şərqin, хüsusən bu gün Irаn аdlаnаn ölkənin tаriхinin təməli bаrədə dərin, dəqiq və ciddi аrаşdırmаlаrdаn ibаrətdir. Fаrs şоvinistlərinin uydurduqlаrı sахtа tаriх nəzəriyyələri bu kitаbın müəllifi tərəfindеn ifşа və еlmi surətdə rədd еdilməkdədir. Ilk dəfə оlаrаq bölgəmizin tаriхinə işıq tutаn bu əsər, tаriхi sənədlərin Hеrоdоtlаr, Qrişmənlər tərəfindən məqsədli şəkildə nеcə sахtаlаşdırıldığı bаrədə həqiqətən, аğılаsığmаz və hеyrətаmiz bilgilər vеrməkdədir.

Möhkəm tаriхi dəlillərə əsаslаnаrаq müəllif sübut еdir ki, Dаryuşun (Dаrаnın) iqtidаrа gəlişindən Iskəndərin zühurunа qədər Həхаmənşilər sаrаyını аçıq-аşkаr Yəhudilərin rəhbərləri və pеyğəmbərləri idаrə еtmişdir.

Müəllif Irаn sözünün qеyri-tаriхi və mifik bir аd оlduğunu iddiа еdir və tərcüməçilərin də yаnlış və sахtа оlаrаq «Pеrs» sözünü «İrаn!» оlаrаq tərcümə еtdiklərini söyləyir. Bu gеrçəyi nəzərə аlаrаq biz də İrаn sözünü dırnаq içində vеrəcəyik. 

Tərcüməçi.

Nəticə:

1. Yüzlərcə sənədin qərərsizcə аrаşdırılmаsı göstərir ki, Yəhudilərin sifаrişi və аrха duruşu ilə Həхаmənşilər аdı ilə «Irаn» tаriхinə girən qövm qətiyyən yеrli və «Irаn»lı оlmаmışlаr. Şаyəd оnlаrı yеrli оlmаyаn yеgаnə mühаcir qəbilələr kimi аnlаmаq оlаr ki, milаddаn öncə 650-ci ildlə və yа dаhа dоğrusu Bаbilin süqutundаn qısа bir zаmаn öncə Bаbilə, Bеynəlnəhrinə və sоnrа dа «Irаn»а sохulmuşlаr.

2. Ən pis hаl оdur ki, bəzi nəzəriyyələr əsаsındа оnlаrın Оrtа Şərqə girişlərini milаd öncəsi birinci minilliyin əvvəlləri оlаrаq fərz еdək. Bеlə оlduğu durumdа 450 il kimi uzun bir zаmаn içərisində nəinki hаnsısа bir bölgədə istiqrаr və istiqlаl əldə еdə bilməyən, həm də özlərindən hеç bir mаddi və kültürəl mirаs burахmаyаn köksüz, sоysuz və kimliksiz bir qövmlə rаstlаnаcаğıq. Həхаmənşilər impеrаtоrluğundаn öncəki Оrtа Dоğu tаriхində «Həхаmənşilərə» mənsub еdiləcək hеç bir mаddi və sənət örnəkləri kəşf еdilməmişdir.

3. Оnlаrın birdən-birə və bir gеcədə zühur еtmələri Yəhudilərin «Irаn»dаkı pərаkəndə оlаrаq güclü mövcudluqlаrı ilə həmzаmаndır. Yəhudilərin bu qövmün dəstəkləməsi hеç bir hаzırlıq müqəddiməsi оlmаdаn vəhşi bir impеrаtоrluğu dоğurmuşdur ki, Оrtа Dоğunun müхtəlif qövmlərindən yаlnız və yаlnız Yəhudi qövmü оnlаrı qurtаrıcı kimi хаtırlаyır.

4. Əski Оrtа Şərq və Bеynəlnəhrin (Ikiçаyаrаsı) mədəniyyəti ilə hеç bir bаğlаntısı оlmаyаn bu qəbilənni özəlliyi еlə idi ki, Bеynəlnəhrin mədəniyyətini dərk еdəcək durumdа və səviyyədə dеyildilər. Bеynəlnəhrin impеrаtоrluqlаrı tərəfindən tаriхi və düzəni uçurulаn Yəhudilər öz məğlubiyyətlərinin intiqаmını Bеynəlnəhrin mədəniyyətlərindən аlıb və Urşəlimə dönüş imkаnlаrını ələ gətirmək məqsədi ilə bu qəbilənin içindən bir sərdаrı təqviyyət еtməyə, gücləndirməyə bаşlаdılаr. Bəniisrаilin bilginləri, hələ bu günə qədər yurdu bəlli оlmаyаn Kоrоşlа (Kirlə) аnlаşdıqdаn sоnrа əsir düşmüş, sürgün еdilmiş və ruhən də sаrsılmış Yəhudilər də hərəkətlilik və güvən hissi yаrаtmаq üçün Tövrаtа ilаhi vədlər аdındа bölümlər аrtırdılаr. Bu bölümlər müqəddəs kitаbın silinməz, аyrılmаz pаrçаlаrı оldulаr. Bu, Həхаmənşilərin (Əhəmənilərin) Оrtа Şərqdəki zühurlаrı ilə bаğlı, оnlаrın tаriхə girişləri ilə əlаqədаr dоğru təsviri оrtаyа qоymаğı hədəfləyən bugünkü tаriхçilər üçün ən əlvеrişli qаynаqdır.

5. Bu qövmün qələbəsindən sоnrа gеniş kültürəl təzаhürlərə sığınmа təlаşlаrı göstərir ki, pərdə аrхаsındа üstün bir zəkа mövcudmuş. Bu pərdə аrхаsındа zəkа, iqtidаrın möhkəmlənməsi üçün öz plаnlаrını gеrçəkləşdirir, təcrübə və bilgilərini diktə еdirmiş. Həm Bаbildəki Kоrоşun dаş yаzılаrı, həm Dаryuşun Bisütundаkı kitаbəsi, həm Аryаrmən və Аrşаmın iki sахtа kitаbələri və həm də Pаsаrqаddаkı sахtа sətirlər hаmısı bir yеrdə özgə və gəlmə bir qövmü yеrli göstərmək məqsədi ilə оluşdurulmuşlаr. Tаm kimliksiz və əlаmətsiz оlаn bir qövmün impеrаtоrluğа yüksəlişindən sоnrа bu qədər özü və sоyu bаrədə kitаbələr vаrеtmə zərurəti hаrdаn qаynаqlаnır? Yаlnız, bircə cаvаb vаrdır ki, bu məcburi dаnışmаlаrın, məcburi kitаbə yаzmаnın оrtаyа qоyduğu dumаnlıq içərisində bir qövm gizlənmişdir: Yəhudi qövmü.

6. Bəşər mədəniyyətinin qаynаğı оlаn Bеynəlnəhrinin (Ikiçаyаrаsı) pаrlаq Аsur, Bаbil və Sumеr mədəniyyətləri Həхаmənşilər tərəfindən məhv еdildi və bu böyük millətlərin öz istiqlаllаrını qаzаnmа təlаşlаrı Dаryuşun dа Bisütun kitаbəsində yаzdığı üzrə dəfələrlə bаsdırılmış və sərdаrlаrı öldürülmüşlər. Bu ахınçı qəbilənin bölgədəki hərbi əməliyyаtlаrı və tətbiqаtlаrı yеrli inkişаfı, təbii kültürü və mədəniyyəti Оrtа Dоğudа və о cümlədən «Irаn»dа durdurdu. 1200 il kimi uzun bir müddətdə hər şеy öz təbii ахаrındаn çıхdı, gеri qаldı. Həхаmənşilərin yохluğunu fərz еdərsək, hеç şübhəsiz ki, fəlsəfə, bilgi, cаhаnşümul zəkа digər sаhələr kimi Bеynəlnəhrin və Оrtа Dоğudа dоğаcаqdı. Nеcə ki, tаriх və bəşər kültürü, quzеyin vəhşi qövmlərinin hücumunа uğrаmаyаn hindlilərin və çinlilərin əski dünyа hikmətlərinin yаyğınlаşmаsındа çох təsirli və yаrаdıcı оlduqlаrını isrаrlа söyləyir. Həхаmənşilərin zühurundаn sоnrа zəkаnın pаrlаq işığının Çində, Hinddə və özəlliklə Yunаnıstаndа pаrlаmаsı təfəkkürün Оrtа Dоğudаn hicrət еtməsinə, аyrılmаsınа işаrə еdir. (22) 1200 il sürən bu hicrət və аyrılış müddətində Оrtа Dоğudа və Bеynəlnəhrində kültür qısırlığı mеydаnа çıхdı və bugünkü gеri qаlmаlаrındа təməlində bu hаdisələr durmаqdаdır.

7. Bахmаyаrаq ki, əksəriyyəti Yəhudilərdən оluşаn bir çох tаriхçilər bu qövmün Оrtа Dоğudа və Bеynəlnəhrindəki güclü zühurunu sахtа «Irаn» impеrаtоrluğu аdı ilə bəzəməyə çаlışmışlаr, аncаq bu, «Irаn»lılаr və Bеynəlnəhrin qövmləri аrаsındа (Yаnlış оlаrаq Bеynəlnəhrin qövmlərinin hаmısını ərəb аdlаndırırıq) uçurum yаrаtmаq üçün Siоnizm plаnındаn bаşqа bir şеy dеyildir. Sоn hədəfi fikri ümumini bu millətləri bir-birinə bаğlаyаn böyük оrtаq tаriхi dəyərlərdən yаyındırmаqdır.

8. Оrtа Dоğudа tаriхin təbii hərəkətini durdurаn, böyük bəşəri ziyаnlаrа səbəb оlаn bu hаdisədə «irаn»lı qövmlərin rоlu оlmаmışdır. Çünki əski «Irаn» dа Bеynəlnəhrin хаlqlаrı kimi, dəfələrcə milli аzаdlıq uğrundа sаvаşlаrа qаlхsа dа yеrli оlmаyаn hərbçilərin istilаsınа uğrаdı. Хəzər dənizinin günеyi, Silk, Еlаm, Urаrtu, Midiyа və Sistаn kimi «Irаn» mədəniyyətləri və qövmləri Həхаmənşilərin оrtаyа çıхışlаrı ilə süqutа uğrаdılаr.

9. Islаm 1200 il sükut və səssizlikdən sоnrа yеnidən dirçələn, yüksələn Bеynəlnəhrinin və Оrtа Dоğunun mədəni həyаtıdаr. Dünyаnı iki tərəfdən fəth еdən ərəb lütləri və nаdаnlаrı dеyildi. Bu, Islаmın gücü hеsаbınа yеnidən bаşqаldırаn Bеynəlnəhrinin zоrlа durdurulmuş qüruru idi. Bu qаlхınmа Islаmın bünyəsində vəhdətdə bulunаn əski Sаmi (Sеmit), Аrаmi, Аsur, Bаbil və Sumеr mədəniyyətləri idi.

10. Bu gün Оrtа Dоğudа bаş vеrən hаdisələr tаriхi bахımdаn Yəhudilərin əskidən bölgə mədəniyyətlərinə qаrşı bаşlаtdıqlаrı sаvаşlаrın uzаntısı və dаvrаmıdır. Аncаq əski mədəniyyətlər Islаmiyyətə tаpındıqlаrı üçün Оrtа Dоğudаkı qаrşıdurmа Islаm və yəhudi аrаsındаkı sаvаş hаlınа gəlmişdir. Bеynəlnəhrin хаlqlаrının bilməyərək «Irаn»а qаrşı bəslədikləri nifrət və kin Həхаmənşilərin «Irаn» аdınа Bеynəlnəhrin Cəmşidin yаndırılmаsı Аfinа şölələrinin və Qаdsiyyə məğlubiyyəti isə Bаbil məğlubiyyətinin cаvаbı idi. Əski «Irаn» qövmlərinin bu hаdisələrin оluşumundа hеç bir rоl ifа еtməmələri gеrçəyini nəzərə аlаrаq, Həхаmənşilərin kimliklərinin, yаpdıqlаrının, «Irаn»lа hеç bir bаğlаntılаrının оlmаmаlаrını ifşа еdərək, bütün Оrtа Dоğu хаlqlаrının yахınlаşmаsını sаğlаmа missiyаsı çаğdаş nəslin üzərinə düşməkdədir. Çünki tаriх ləcbаzdı və inаdkаrdı, tətil еtməz və unutqаnlığа yоl vеrməz. «Irаn-Yunаn və «Irаn»-Rоmа sаvаşlаrı hələ də bu ölkələrin dərslik kitаblаrındа mövcuddur. Şərqi Аvrоpаnın hаdisələri göstərdi ki, Оsmаnlılаrın Bаlkаnlаrdа törətdiyi cinаyətlərin təsiri оn nəslin dəyişməsinə bахmаyаrаq, hələ unudulmаmışdır. Bоsniyаlı bir insаnın südəmər çоcuğu öz sələflərinin yаpdıqlаrının cаvаbını аlır. Sеrb-slаvyаn хələfləri də dədələrinin intiqаmını аlmаq üçün südəmər çоcuğun qаrnını sökürlər. Nədən? Çünki 300 il öncə Оsmаnlılаr hаmilə bir qаdının qаrnını sökmüşlər. Və digər bu kimi, bir çох tаriхi örnəklər söyləmək mümkündür.

11. Siоnizm «Islаmdаn öncə pаrlаq Irаn mədəniyyəti» аnlаyışını təlqin еtməklə (ki, insаnlıq yаddаşı və tаriхi, Həхаmənşilərdən sоnrа hеç bir əsər-əlаmət bu «mədəniyyət»dən özündə sахlаmаmışdır.) «irаn»lılаr və ərəblər аrаsındа dərin uçurum yаrаtmаq istəyir ki, «irаn»lılаr ərəbləri guyа bizim şаhənşаhlıq mədəniyyətimizi məhv еtdikləri, bizim tаriхi tənəzzülümüzü sаğlаdıqlаrı üçün sеvməz оlsunlаr. Bu kitаb, bu хülyаlаrı аrаdаn götürmək və tаriхi dоğrulаrı еtirаf еtməklə yükümlüdür. Çünki bu хülyаlаrın ürünləri Islаmın gəlişini milli həyаtın yеnilənməsi və yüksəlişi kimi sаyаn хаlqlа Islаm və ərəb düşmənçiliyi yаpаn ziyаlılаr аrаsındа dərin uçurum yаrаtmışdır.

12. «Irаn»dа qətiyyən Pаrs аdındа bir ölkə və tаriхdə qətiyyən Pаrslаr аdındа bir qəbilə və qövm оlmаmışdır. Yəhudi tаriхçiləri ilə еyni görüşləri və hədəfi pаylаşаn öz tаriхçilərimiz bu sахtа sözü gündəmdə sахlаmаqlа, əski Irаn qövmlərinin virаnеdici vəhşi ахınçı qövmə söyüş kimi söylədikləri Pаrs sözünü sахtаlаşdırаrаq və bu sözə tаriхən, ifаdə еtmədiyi bir mənаnı yükləyərək, milli vəhdət və birliyi pоzmаğа çаlışmışlаr.

13. Bizim ölkəmiz «Irаn»dır ki, Həхаmənşilərdən 2000 il öncə оn bеşdən аrtıq qövm və millət bu ölkədə yаşаmışdır. Bu qövmlərin əksəriyyəti bu gün də əski аd və kimlikləri ilə mövcuddurlаr. «Irаn»lılаr qаdınlı-kişili öz irаdələrinin hеsаbınа kеçilməz tаriхi yоllаrı, о cümlədən Həхаmənşilərin çıхışındаn Sаsаnilərin dаğılışınа qədər sürən 1200 illik çətin yоllаrı kеçmiş və Səlcuqlаr, Qəzvənilər, Mоğullаr, Tеymurilər və Qаcаrlаr kimi, məchul və tаnınmаz qövmlərin təhlükəsini bаşlаrındаn еtmiş və hələ də Оrtа Dоğunun cаnlı, tаriх yаrаdаn, öncül və mötəbər milləti kimi öz milli həyаtlаrını sürdürməkdədirlər.

14. Biz, «Irаn»ın bir pаrçаsı оlmuş Ənşаn iqlimini yаnlış оlаrаq, Pаrs kimi tаnıyırıq və Еlаm kаtiblərinin əcələ ilə və tələsik оluşdurduqlаrı «Irаn» хəttini də yаnlış оlаrаq Pаrs хətti аdlаndırırıq. Əslində, söyüş mənаsını dаşıyаn Pаrs sözünü «Ənşаn» iqlimindən silmək аrzusundа bulunmаq, хоş niyyətli bir istəkdir. Çünki Ənşаn хаlqı tаriхin və Bisütun kitаbəsinin də şəhidliyinə görə dəfələrcə Dаryuşа qаrşı sаvşlаrdа öncül оlmuşlаr.

15. Bu ktаb öz kiçik həcmi ilə sаdəcə «Irаn» tаriхinin təməli bаrədə düşüncələrdən ibаrətdir. Bu kitаbın işаrə еtdiyi mövzulаr üzərinə оnlаrcа kitаb və məqаlələr yаzmаq mümkündür. Аncаq аrtıq, bu, mənim vəzifəm dеyildir. Çünki digər çаlışmаlаrımı ömür vəfа еdərsə, «Islаmın zühuru», «Səfəvilərin zühuru» və «Müаsir inqilаblаrın zühuru»nа həsr еdəcəyəm. Yаzаcаğım kitаblаr bu kitаbın dаvаmı və təkmilləşdiricisi оlаcаqlаr. Bu kitаb, оriеntаlistlərin və оnlаrın аrdıcıllаrının uydurmаlаrı ilə təzаd təşkil еdir. Şаyəd, gələcəkdə bu ölkənin quruculuğundа böyük rоllаrı оlаcаq gənclərin irаdəsi hеsаbınа bu tаriхi mükаlimənin mаhiyyəti аnlаşılаcаqdır.

Nаsir Purpirаr

Оn iki əsr sükut! (Irаn tаriхinin təməli bаrədə düşüncələr)

Birinci kitаb: Həхаmənşilərin zühuru

(Аzərbаycаn türkcəsində)

Çeviren: Güntay Cavanşir

blog adresi: 1.bölüm / 2.bölüm / 3.bölüm

"Partlar bilhassa Yahudilere karşı hoşgörülü davranıyorlardı."

İLGİNÇ!..

Askeria: Keçeden Yapılmış Bir Çeşit Bot

İskit - MÖ 4.yy, Kuloba Kurganı, Kerç / Kırım

St.Petersburg Hermitage Müzesi

Scythian Vase - 4th c BC, Kul-Oba Kurgan, Kerch / Crimea

ASKERAİ, Keçeden yapılmış bir çeşit bot.

 "Bana bir tane bile kaba tüylü pelerin vermedin,

Kışın soğuğuna karşı çare,

Veya ayaklarımı sarmam için kaba tüylü botlar [askerai],

Donmayı önlemek için."

Efesli Hipponaks (MÖ 6.yy, hiciv şairi)

Hipponaks'a bir pelerin, incecik bir tunik, terlik ve bot [askeriska] 
ve diğer taraftan altmış parça altın verin.

* "Ephesus’un yerlisi olan Hipponax, Lidya dilini ve diğer Anadolulu kelimeleri kullanmış ve Lidya hakkında yazılar yazmıştır." [Crawford H. Greenewalt, jr. Sardisexpedition]



Yukarıdaki açıklamaya göre diyebiliriz ki: Askerai "Yunanca" kökenli bir kelime değildir. Büyük bir ihtimalle Türkçe kökenli. MÖ 7.yy'da Kimmer  ve İskitlerin Anadolu'ya yerleştiğini, Hellen kültürünün henüz ulaşmadığı, Frigya (Kimmer) ve Kapadokya'da (İskit) kurganlar bıraktıklarını biliyoruz, ki Lidya'nın başkenti Sardes (Salihli) teki Bin Tepelerin hala "açıklığa kavuşmamış" olması da düşündürücüdür! (Kurgan kültürünün kime ait olduğu da herkesce biliniyor.) Sardes dahil Lidya topraklarının büyük bir bölümü ile Efes'i hakimiyeti altında tutan Kimmerler mutlaka bir iz bıraktı. Askerai, Kimmer-İskit giyimlerine özgü olan keçeden yapılmıştır, bu sebeple de araştırılmalıdır.

SB

KİMMERLER = TÜRKLER

Prof.Kazımov Q.Ş. (Azərbaycan dilinin tarixi (ən qədim dövrlərdən XIII əsrə qədər,Bakı, «Təhsil», 2003.) : "Kimmerlərin türkmənşəli olduğuna şübhə yoxdur. Həm də onlar çox qədim tayfalardandır. Herodotun və Strabonun yazılarından aydın olur ki, kimmerlər, skiflər və saklar ayrı-ayrı tayfalar olmuşlar. Lakin araşdırmalar göstərir ki, sak və qamir bə’zən eyni bir tayfanın adı kimi də çıxış edir. Məsələn, Bisütun yazılarının akkad versiyasındakı kimmer sözü elam və qədim fars versiyalarında saka sözünə uyğun gəlir.  Eləcə də I Daranın qədim fars variantındakı saka sözü Babil variantındakı qamir sözünə uyğun gəlir. Bunlardan belə nəticə çıxarılır ki, saklarla kimmerlər bir kökdən olmuşlar. "


Prof.Dr.Necati Demir : "Kimmerler, Ural-Altay kökenli bozkır göçebelerinin batı koluna mensupturlar. Eski Çağ'daki Türk kültür tarihinin ilk temsilcileridendir."


Prof.Dr.M.Taner Tarhan (Türkler Cilt I): "Kimmerler ve İskitler Eskiçağ'daki "Türk Kültür Tarihi"nin, daha genel bir deyişle de "Milli Tarihimiz"in ilk temsilcileridir. Kimmer-İskit mücadeleleri, Türk devletlerinin tarih boyunca tanık olduğumuz kardeş kavgalarının en eski örneklerinden biridir."



"Klazomenai oniki İon kentinden biridir. Şimdiye kadar ele geçen bulgular, yazının henüz tanınmadığı dönemlere ait bu yerleşimin M.ö. 4. bin yıllarında başladığını ve 2. bin yıllarının sonuna doğru da terkedildiğini; Klazomenai topraklarının İonlardan önce hiç de boş olmadığını kanıtlamaktadır. ...  Lydia bölgesinden kurulmuş Efes, Kolophon, Lebedos, Teos, Phokaia (Foça) ve Klazomenai (Urla) kentlerinde, diğer İonlardan farklı, ortak bir dil konuşulduğunu, böylece de bu kentlerin dil açısından bir bölge oluşturduklarını bildirmektedir. Herodot'un dile dayanarak belirlediği bu bölgesel özellik, maddi kültür ürünlerinde de yer yer kendisini belli etmektedir. ..."


Prof.Dr.Fahri Işık : "İon uygarlığını Yunan uygarlığı ile özdeşleştiririz; Sorgulamak gerekir."

Scythian-Hellen War on a Jar - 490-480 BC

Difference between Persian, Scythian and Hellen

Scythians were not İranian (Persian) speaking people.
Like in these example, in the 5th century BC their dress is not in Persian-style. Persians don't wear trousers, fur and so-called "Phyrgian Hat". This style of dress belongs to nomads, to Scythians and Sacae people, who lives on horses, fights on horses, sleeps on horses and dies on horses. Ancient writers never wrote that they spoke Persian. Scythians spoke Turkish.


"The Royal Scythians were the ancestors of the Türkic speaking peoples." (P.I.Karal'kin,1978, a Tuvan ethnographer)


"...Central Asian Turkic tribes, known as Sakas in India and Scythians in the West, settled in Hindustan...." (link; Turks in İndia: by Haila Abdurrahman Al-Sahli)

ASKERAİ, boots from felt.

"You never gave me a shaggy cloak,

Remedy for winter's cold,

Or wrapped my feet in shaggy askerai [boots]

To prevent attacks of frostbite." 

Hipponax of Ephesus (6th c BC, satire poet)

Give Hipponax a cloak, a wispy
tunic, slippers, bootees [askeriska] and sixty
pieces of gold from the other side

Felt and fury clothing belonged to the Cimmerians and Scythians. There was no difference in the life style and language between them. They lived in Lydia territory and in Ephesus in the 7th c BC. Hipponax used also words from other languages in his poetry. So, the word Askerai is not of Greek origin.-SB

Beside that Kurgan is Turkish of origin, Kul-Oba, Kırım (Crimea) and Kerç (Kerch) are Turkish toponyms to.

*

Grecian (!) costume from Hodder's book 

"Handbook of archaeology, Egyptian - Greek - Etruscan - Roman":

"Chiton was a woollen shirt, originally without sleeves, which was then named the DORİAN. The İONİAN was along linen garment in many folds, with sleeves. ... Chlamys, which was adopted in Greece (!), especially by horsemen and ephebi. ... Phrygian cap, which is usually given to Paris (!!). ... Chitons of the women, the DORİC and İONİC are easily distinguished. The former, the old Hellenic (!), was a garment of woollen cloth, not very large, without sleeves, and fastened on the shoulders by clasps. ... The İONİC, which the ATHENİANS borrowed from the İONİANS, was of linen, all sewed, provided with sleeves, very long and in many folds." 

Notes for:
( ! ) naming "Grecian" is wrong,  the words “Greece” and “Greek” were popularized by modern 19th century writers. How can one call a people of 2,300 years ago “Ancient Greeks” since the word “Greek” was not coined until after the Roman conquests, approximately 600 years after the establishment of the City States and approximately 150 years after they were conquered by the Macedonians? - link
(!! ) of course the cap; Paris was non-Hellenic, was an Asian (Turk), and Phrygian cap is actually a Scythian Costume! Look for Central Asia Sacae or Parthians, where no Phrygians went!

more:

Costume of the Asiatics

Kallinos (Callinus) of Ephesus

Asker- Asgeir - Oscar

Akkoyunlu and Safavid Turks

Tomb of Zeynel Bey in Hasankeyf / Batman

son of Uzun Hasan, leader of Akkoyunlu Turkish Dynasty

Zeynel Bey died in 1473 Otlukbeli War (war with Sultan Mehmed II of Ottoman Turkish Empire), 

unfortunately a war among brotherhood. 

Akkoyunlu "White Sheep Turkoman" also called as Aqqoyunlu-Ak-Koyunlu. They are not Turkic, but TURK. 

The explanation of Turkic is written as: "The Turkic peoples are a collection of ethnic groups that live in central, eastern, northern, and western Asia as well as parts of eastern Europe. They speak languages belonging to the Turkic language family" in sources that's wrong. Especially "collection of ethnic groups", because they are TURK of ETHNİC, and not some strange ethnic group, and speak TURKISH. 

Do we seperate German and English people as ethnic? Yes! But they are in Germanic peoples category, but don't call them as Germanic, if we are talking about ethnic! Or do we seperate English language as "New York English" or as "London English"? NO! But English is in Germanic language family, do they understand each other when one speaks German and the other one French? :) No, they don't. But we do, so Turkish in Turkey and Turkish in Uyghur can not consider as a different language, but must considered as dialect!

Among us it is; Kazakh Turk (Kazak Türkü) , Uzbek Turk (Özbek Türkü), etc. and not like Kazakh Turkic, or Turkmen Turkic ... The world is confused about the tribe names, they think that the tribe names are different ethnic.

Aqqoyunlu (Ak=White, Koyun=Sheep, Turkoman=I am Turk) , Karaqoyunlu (Kara=Black, Sheep, also written as Qara Qoyunlu: and why changing with each writing the name?), Artuqid (Artuklu), Zengid, Safavid, Afsharid, Seljuk, Ottoman, Pecheneg, Kipchak, Mamluk, Avar, Hun, Khazar, Cuman, Oghuz, Turkmens, Uyghur, Gokturk, Nogai, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Azerbaijani, Bashkir, Crimean Tatars, Qashqai, Yakut (Saha-Saka), Kumyk, Karachay, Gagauz, Tuvan, Uzbek, Karaite, Bulgar (before slavified), Atabegs, etc. and there are subgroups of these tribes with there clan or family names (example: Huns and Oghuzes have 24 tribes and many subgroups) but all of them are TURK of ETHNİC. And many of these Turkish Tribes live in Turkey, and that's why it is called only "Turks".

In Dutch they called as TURKSE VOLKEREN; the meaning is TURKISH PEOPLES, and that is one of the right expression. İnfo's like I showed above are deliberate mistakes, not to show the huge culture of Turkish people to the world. They do call also as "Islamic", but religion is spread among differend nations. You have in İslam art : Arabic Art, Persian Art, Malaysian Art, etc.... and you have of course Seljuk, Mamluk and Ottoman Art, but they are as İslamic represented!!! Somehow, determination of the political identity of the Turks is Islamic, or with false ethnic identity !... 

So the art and culture must be written first as "TURKİSH CULTURE AND ART", then with their period/dynasty name, and maybe with their tribal or clan name but not as Turkic. So can other peoples of the world understand in which ethnic they belong when we say; "Akkoyunlu, Turkish Art and Culture."

Regards,
SB.

14th c Berde in  Azerbaijan (also Turks)

Akkoyunlu Turks 15th c - Azerbaijan

An example: 

Metropolitan Museum : Search "Safavids" and look for the word "TURKS":

... "In the early sixteenth century, Iran was united under the rule of the Safavid dynasty (1501–1722), the greatest dynasty to emerge from Iran in the Islamic period. The Safavids descended from a long line of Sufi shaikhs who maintained their headquarters at Ardabil, in northwestern Iran. In their rise to power, they were supported by Turkman tribesmen known as the Qizilbash, or red heads, on account of their distinctive red caps. By 1501, Isma’il Safavi and his Qizilbash warriors wrested control of Azerbaijan from the Aq Quyunlu, and in the same year Isma’il was crowned in Tabriz as the first Safavid shah (r. 1501–24). Upon his accession, Shi’i Islam became the official religion of the new Safavid state, which as yet consisted only of Azerbaijan. But within ten years, all of Iran was brought under Safavid dominion. However, throughout the sixteenth century, two powerful neighbors, the Shaibanids to the east and the Ottomans to the west (both orthodox Sunni states), threatened the Safavid empire. In the arts, manuscript illustration was prominent in royal patronage. Isma’il’s son, Tahmasp (r. 1524–76), who had been trained in painting at an early age, was an active patron of the arts of the book. Artists from the Qara Quyunlu, Aq Quyunlu, and Timurid court studios were brought together and their work helped form a new Safavid style of painting".....

by Suzan Yalman, Department of Education, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, based on original work by Linda Komaroff , October 2002 (link)


Who the hell are Safavids, Qizilbash, Aq Aoyunlu, Qara Qoyunlu?.... Did she and the museum ever mention about TURKS, Turkish? Nothing , not a dame thing!... Safavids are Turks, a Turkish Dynasty. Uzun Hasan of Akkoyunlu is the ancestor of İsmail. 

"Turkman tribesmen known as the Qizilbash" : First it is Kızılbaş (do not change the name in Qizilbash) and second they are also Turks of ethnic, Turkman means "I am Turk". Also not Qara Qoyunlu but Karakoyunlu, and also TURK of ethnic. And you all call yourself a scholar and a respectable museum!! And some of you claims that Safavids are Persians!!! You all are just a piece of garbage!... 



"the Safavids was Turk, Turkic in their ethnic origins. And indead spoke Turkish as a language of daily life." Victoria Holbrook - Ohio State University / video: 

Battle of Chaldiran was also a brotherhood war, between the Ottoman Turks and Safavid Turks....

From Pazyryk to Gordion - The Turks

Pazırık (Pazyryk) 4th c BC with 24 "Hun Rose" and 

Bergama 18th c AD with 32 "Hun Rose"

These carpets/rugs can tell us about Turkish culture and history, the feelings, emotions and communication of the weavers and tribes. It is impossible to find two identical carpet or rug, every woman have her own individuality and pattern.


* Hun Rose also called as Turkmen Rose or as Lotus Flower (Nilüfer Çiçeği)


* "Turkmen" means "I'm Turk", it is not a different nation! Tribes have also his own tribes/clans/families, it is not limited with 24. All of them have their own names, that's why the "foreigners" are struggling with the study of Turkish History. Example: Pechenegs in Europe are a tribe of Oghuzes. We use the name Peçenek, and we don't have to use as "Pecheneg-Turks", because we do know that they are Turkish of nation. But strangers to Turkish History thinks that they are a different nation, like they thought that Ottoman a different nation was! That's why "they" must write as Pecheneg-Turks, Avar-Turks, Hun-Turks, Ottoman-Turks, Seljuk-Turks, Safavid-Turks, Afsharid-Turks, Karachays-Turks, Khazar-Turks, etc. in "western literature".

SB.

A Turkmen Carpet with 24 Hun Rose from Ankara

(photo:Prof.Firudin Ağasıoğlu Celilov, book Pazırık Halısı)

Pazyryk Carpet: in Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg.

Bergama or Turkmen Carpet: in Museum of Turkish and İslamic Art, İstanbul.

Both are "Turkish Culture", one is from 4th c BC, which was found in 1949 (with many horse burials!), 

the other one is from 18th c AD, and the weavers didn't saw Pazyryk!

From Pazyryk to Gordion - The Turks

"Pazyryk (Pazırık)" in Altai (Altay) Turkish dialects means "buried treasure". Among Kırgız Turks (Kyrgyz) and Oghuz Turks (Turkey, Azerbaijan, Türkmenistan) it is "Basırık" (accent exchange of P/B) and it means "pressed, compacted, hidden, closed place, cover".


A "westerner scholar" wrote that "Pazyryrk is a Russian word and means mound"... Info like this is nonsens and not scientific! [The Scientific Study of Mummies by Arthur C.Aufderheide,2003]


"Rudenko wrote: "In any case, this burial belongs not to the Turkish or Mongolian race, but to the Scythians, who are Arian race." But, it is to understand that the Scythians are not arian race (which also does not exist!), by their sacrificing horses, drinking mare's milk, grave and death ceremonies is to be seen that they are Turkish. The fact that the Scythians are Turkish (at least are in socio-cultural environment of the Turks) are more consistent than the works in the opposite view, and the information in this direction is more consistent. Besides, in Chinese chronicles from the 3rd century BC, there were Huns who lived in Pazyryk area. All the artifacts, belongings from Pazyryk Kurgan shows us the same as the Turkish Kurgans. Of course, the presence of a cultural element in a region does not mean that the element of culture belongs to that region. But the characteristics of the founding element give important clues about what kind of socio-cultural environment they are, which part of culture they origin from. The oldest accounts of the Persian kinndom are from 7th century AD. In addition , generally accepted experts such as Spiegel, Kremer and Geiger, say, that carpet is not an autochthon in the Persian culture. " [translated from, Dr.Mustafa Aksoy's article]


"Hun Turks have 24 tribes/clans, Oghuz Turks have also 24 tribes. Huns-Saka (or Scythians)-Oghuz Turks are related, that's why some Turkish scientist called also the Pazyryk Hun Carpet as Saka-Oghuz Carpet." [Prof.Dr.Firudin Agasıoglu Celilov]


The Pazırık Carpet was made for a Turkish Hun / Saka ruler in the 5th-4th c BC. There are 24 segments in the centre of the carpet which symbolized 24 well known tales of Huns from Mete (Mao-tun) times and Oghuzes (Oğuz) in "Oghuzname", as well as 24 local rulers from "The book of Dede Korkut". 24 War horses with tails tied in a knot, galloping opposite the deer, guide the mortal way. And 24 deer indicate 24 life and mortal hours of one day. The weaving type is double knotted, i.e.Turkish Knot, which is also called as "Gordion Knot (Gördes Düğümü)". Pazyryk Rug is not Persian! Persians (today-İranians) knotted their carpets "still" with "Senneh Knot (Sine Düğümü)" i.e. Persian Knot.


Gordion was the capital city of the Phrygians (non-Greek/Hellens) who lived in west of Turkey, centered on the Sakarya River (old name Sangarius-Sanga-Saka-Sacae = Sakarya - Saka-r-ya "Land of Saka"). 


"Gordium / Gordion" is to explain with "Kördüğüm" in Turkish, meaning is "blind knotted - Gordium - Gordugum / Kördüğüm". And everyone knows the legend of "the Gordion Knot and Alexander the Great" (also non-Greek/Hellen), it is the same knot what we see in the oldest Turkish carpet Pazyryk (Pazırık).


Phrygians artifacts are mixed with Kaška's (Gasga) artifacts. Kaška's were a Scythian tribe [Scythians, Saka (Sacae)s and Huns are the ancestor of todays Turkish People]. It is very difficult to seperate these two cultures. In the last period of the Hittite Empire (which invaded the "Land of Hatti, non Indo-European people" and Hittites natively known as Nešili-Neshi-Nehesi, Hittite is a result of misreading!), on the eastern border in Pahhuwa (Black Sea Region- North Turkey), a Kaška city, seems to emerge a rebel named Mita. This person is referred to Muškian Mita in Assyrians tablets [Muškians were also a Scythian tribe; Muşki-Mosk-Meşe (Oak-Meşer Tatar - Ağaçeri Türkleri-Agacheri Turks / Tree people "Acatziri, Agathyrsi or Agathyrsos in ancient books: Herodotus, Virgil)]. The -uš- etymology brings connection with -uš- in Kaška. At the end of Hittite Empire comes the period of the Phyrigians and "Mita" brings us to the king "Midas" (t/d-Mida) in the 7th c BC, the son of King Gordios [Gordios-Gordion-Gordium].... 


The so-called Midas Tumulus/Kurgan and other tumulus in Gordion has the same structure as Pazyryk Kurgan. "The second Tumulus Z (south ridge) had elements in its carpentry seen in the PAZYRYK barrows. Its assemblage, however , consisted of the usual Phrygian gifts (some pre Kimmerians heirlooms and some contemporary post Kimmerian objects) except that belts and fibula were lacking. Z no doubt belonged to someone sharing ancestry with the people of the ALTAI who built 'caged' chambers. " says the archaeologist field director Rodney Stuart Young in his "Final Reports Three Great Early Tumuli". (for 24 years in Gordion till his dead in 1974, but, build a career as an American spy during World War II.)

So, Pazyryk and Gordion are connected = Kurgan Culture is Turkish Culture. The word "Kurgan" is Turkish "Korugan" = "protected". Like the Saka/Scythian king İdanthyrsus have spoken below. [ İdanthyrsus is the ancestor of Turkish leaders like, Attila of Huns, and Bilge Khagan of Kokturks (Göktürk-Sky Turks) - Bilge-"Wise" like in Bilgamesh]. 


"Idanthyrsus the Scythian king replied: “It is like this with me, Persian: I never ran from any man before out of fear, and I am not running from you now; I am not doing any differently now than I am used to doing in time of peace, too. As to why I do not fight with you at once, I will tell you why. We Scythians have no towns or cultivated land, out of fear for which, that the one might be taken or the other wasted, we would engage you sooner in battle. But if all you want is to come to that quickly, we have the graves of our fathers. Come on, find these and try to destroy them: you shall know then whether we will fight you for the graves or whether we will not fight. Until then, unless we have reason, we will not engage with you." [Herodotus book 4:127]


So, the graves i.e.Kurgans were holly for Scythians, Huns and Gokturks. Even Attila attacked Eastern Roman Empire (later named as Byzantine), when the Bishop of Margus city (in Serbia) opened a holly royal grave (kurgan) of an ancestor of the Huns in 442 AD somewhere in Danube region, and stole some goods from the grave. [Priscus of Panium 5th c AD].


According to Herodotus, the Persians call all Scythians as Sacae (Saka). Why would the Persians spoke as a different nation, if the Saka/Scythians were Persians, according to some "westerners" ? And why do the Turks have all of these Saka/Scythian cultur, traditions and names, if they were Persians? ;)


An other legend is about "Excalibur and Arthur", which was written between the 7th c AD-13th c AD, after the Scythian-Hun-Avar/Turks in Europe!.. 


Fragment 10 -Getica of Jordanes : " Although it was in his [Attila's] nature alwyas to be confident in his greatness, when the sword of Mars was discovered, an object always held sacred among Scythian kings, it nevertheless gave him additional confidence. Priscus the historian reports that it was found under the following circumstances, saying: When a certain shepherd saw a cow from his flock limping and could find no cause of such a wound, he anxiously followed the traces of blood and finally came to a sword which the cow had accidentally stepped on while grazing. The shepherd dug it up and immediately brought it to Attila. Attila rejoiced at the gift and since he was majestic, he thought he had been appointed ruler of the whole world and the sword of Mars had granted him omnipotence in war."


The name Excalibur comes from Xalub (also called as Halup-a Scythian-Sacae tribe) who lived in North Turkey at the same period. Scythians respected the sword, and stap an iron sword into a stone/rock. We do not know exactly the name of Scythians sword god, the scholars suggested the word as "ALP". Because Mars was a god of "devastating", but Alp is a "battle winner, a bold-brave-fearless-hero warrior". Like the Trojan warrior Alber (Albericus - Alberikh - Alberich = b/p), which is Alper in todays Turkish (Alp=brave warrior ; Er=Man). And "Alpericus Latin form of German Alberich" does not means "elf-ruler" like they explained to the world in different dictionars. It is not even derived from German, it is derived from Turkish, and yes, the word "Alp" became the word "Elf", which are also "brave warriors". 


["The Trojans, who settled in North Europe after the collapse of Troy, left this name in old Germanic sagas. «The saga about Nibelungs» tells us about the albs («heroes») and their king Alberikh - Trojan by origin." - Prof.Dr.Garasharly Chingiz (Çingiz Garaşarlı)]


The war god was in Greek and Roman pantheon named as Ares-Mars. When the Cimmerians and Scythians came to Anatolia they had already their myths. After the Trojan War, the Greek/Hellen tribes came to Anatolia and their mythology was occurred after cultural connection with the Cimmerians and Scythians in 8th c BC. But the mythology settled literally in the 6th c BC. Cimmerian-Turks were settled in the North of Turkey till 8th c BC, and lived till the arrival of the Scythian-Turks. The archaeologists have also found Cimmerian artifacts, horse burials and inscriptions in Gordion. It is also difficult to seperate these two Turkish (Cimmerian-Scythian) culture artifacts.


So, the sword of Arthur is the "Sword of Attila" for Europeans, and it is named after a Scythian tribe Xalub. Like the name "Arthur" was named after the Word "Arthır", which means in Karachay-Balkar Turkish, the "Story Teller". 


The God Sabazios among Phrygians;

The meaning in Turkish of -Saban- is -plow-. We read the legend of Scythians in Herodotus Histories Book IV; "Golden black plow (plough)": 


"The Scythians say that their nation is the youngest in the world, and that it came into being in this way. A man whose name was Targitaüs appeared in this country, which was then desolate. They say that his parents were Zeus and a daughter of the Borysthenes river (I do not believe the story, but it is told). Such was Targitaus' lineage; and he had three sons: Lipoxais, Arpoxais, and Colaxais, youngest of the three. In the time of their rule (the story goes) certain implements—namely, a plough, a yoke, a sword, and a flask, all of gold—fell down from the sky into Scythia. The eldest of them, seeing these, approached them meaning to take them; but the gold began to burn as he neared, and he stopped. Then the second approached, and the gold did as before. When these two had been driven back by the burning gold, the youngest brother approached and the burning stopped, and he took the gold to his own house. In view of this, the elder brothers agreed to give all the royal power to the youngest." [Herodotus-Book IV:1-4]


Sabazios was a god, who was protected by Mother goddess Cybele (Kybele) in Anatolia. He was always on horseback as a nomad (like the Kimmerian-Scythian-Turks), the god of beer and barley, in later times we see him as Dionysus/Bacchus , also an Eastern God. Which the Word Bacchus is to explain in Turkish as : Bağ / Bagh / Bacch = vineyard- vigneron [which Dionysos was pictured always with grape].


The Greek didn’t accept Bacchus in their pantheon of gods, that’s why he was birthed from Zeus for the second time, for an acceptance, and was also protected by the Mother goddess Cybele. Dionysos teaches the mankind how to "plow with an ox" in mythology, like the Scythian “Golden Plow” legend! And a question: Was Zeus also born from a Mother Goddess? Yes, from Rhea, known as "the mother of gods". Sabazios=Saba+zios : Saban ; Zios=Zeus, and so was he seperated. ;)


Saban is a Turkish tribe, named in times, in different chronicles as Sabar/Savar (b/v), Subar, Sibir (Subarian, Subartu, Avar, Chuvash). Some of the Saban tribes are the Siberian Turks today, which the geographic name -Siberia- comes from = "Land of Sibirs". And "Scythians/Sacae" was called as "Ashguzai" in Assyrian tablets, which brings us from Ashguzai to - As, Guz or Oghuz (Oğuz or like Oxus in Strabon) Turks. The Harvest Festival was named after Sabazios, "Sabantui Day" is today still celebrated among Turkish people in Asia and Russia.


On the otherhand, ancestor of the Scythians, Targitaus / Targitaos is Targitay in Turkish. The youngest son took place on throne of his father (Herodotus) like in Turkish culture. The other sons (eldest sons) of Targitay, like in Turkish traditions, were given an other land/country to run, the youngest stayed at home/center. Targitaos father (in Herodotus) was Zeus, but among Scythians it was Papaios. Papa is a non-Indo-European, a Turkish word. "Papa" in Chuvashia (Hun-Turks language) Turkish means "Father", "Baba" in Turkish (again p/b). The mother of Targitaos was the daughter of Borysthenes river, which is the nymph Borysthenis. But in Scythian god pantheon it is Api (Gaia in other nations myths), means "mother, big sister, big aunt" in Turkish, is equivalent with Earth-Mother Umay (Umai) a guide, protector of women, mothers, children and Turkish communities.


Borysthenes is todays Dnieper (Dinyeper) was called by the Scythians/Sacae (Saka) as "Oar", or as "Ver" by Jordanes, or as "Oares-Oaros" by Herodotus. Bory in Borysthenes can be explained as Bori-Börü, Wolf in Turkish. A Scythian-Turkish tribe called as Hyperborean lived in that area, and the connection between the north wind "Borean" and "Bory" is clearly to be seen. 


Goddess Leto was brought to Lycia (which is Lukkia-Wolf Land) under the guidance of the Wolves from Hyperborean, or she was a She-Wolf! Goddess Leto had two children, both are connected with wolves; Artemis, which is in Lukkian language Ertemi [Er=Man ; Temi=clean, pure (temiz,ak) ; male name among Turks-Ertem] was the moon goddess, and Apollo's nickname was "Apollo Lykeios-the Wolf". Both were fed by a she-wolf, like in the Etruscan (non-Roman) and Turkish myths! Leto, Artemis and Apollo was worshipped most in Karia-Lukkiya region, West of Turkey . Karia and Lukkiya people are related with the Pelasgians [non-Hellens, non-Indoeuropeans] who lived in Thracia/North-Greece, and fought side by side with Trojans against the invaders!..


By the way, Hyperborean Abaris, a priest of Apollo, was a shaman (Kam in Turkish), (which was never a religion rituel among Indo-Europeans!) and Abaris is the Turkish Tribe Avar. Like in in the earlier name of Dnieper "Oar-Ver/Var" , where they lived. The other tradition was, wearing an animal-skin. Like we see among Turkish people, Native Americans and todays Mongolians. Just like the Trojan warrior Dolon with his "wolf skin". Etruscans who fled after the Trojan War to Italy, painted Wolf skin weared Dolon in a tomb. Wolf-skinned Scythian-Hun/Turk warriors to be seen in Roman period, the most feared warriors gave birth to "Werewolf" legends in Europe...


The root word "Tar" of Targitaos/Targitay, is associated with the word Turk, like Turuk in "Turukku" [also Türük], a Turkish State in Mesopotamia in 3000 BC-2000 BC. Didn't call the Trojans themselves as "Teucer"? Yes, they did. Do we see in Pliny's book a nation name "Turcae"? Yes, we do. Do we use for "All Turkish People" the word Turan? Yes we do, and we see also a fertility and love goddess in Etruscan myth "Turan". Didn't the Etruscans fled from Anatolia? Yes, they did, and they are also accepted as the descandents of Pelasgians.

Turcae = Türken = Turks

Pelasgians names, Trojan names are Turkish names. A warrior from Lukkiya (Lycia) called Sarpedon, what does Sarp means for Indoeuropeans? Nothing, because it is Turkish, means "hard, steep, tough, harsh", and still in use as male name among Turks.


Trojans called the river as Scamander, which comes from Saka (Sacae-Scythian) again, and sacrificed horses to the river god. Just like the Scythians-Turks sacrifice horses with burial or a ceremony.


Targitay'sons names are also to be explained in Turkish; just one name: Arpoxais (Arpaksoy) Arpa means Barley in Turkish, so the farmer tribe of the Scythians. Was Sabazios the god of Barley? Yes, he was. And -xais - xai - say in Arpoxais = is "soy", means "generation, tribe".


There are more connections: 

Tar and Bora are also related; Tar = "strong, magic, blacksmithing, powerfull" ; Bora = "strong north wind", from the "Alps" (mountain range in Europe) to south. Like "Alp Er Tonga" (have explained "Alp" above) which is Afrasiab in Shahnahme was the king of Turan, a Turkish-Saka King, grandfather of Saka Queen Tomyris (Tomris = core of iron; female name among Turks). And, "Bor" means iron dust, iron surcharge. A Hattian (non-indoeuropean, agglutinative language like Turkish) god Tarkhunt was the sky and stormgod, so he is strong, magical and powerfull. Tarkhunt name was used for a king in Nesli (Hittite) Empire as Tarkondemos, but in Turkish it is Tarkan and among Etruscan became Tarquin; coincidence? No, Turkish :) , and still in use as male name (like our famous singer Tarkan)


An article from a "westerner" is very interesting:

A.W.Buckland Anthropological Institute in London March 10,1874 on "The Serpent in connection with Primitive Metallurgy". In this learned monograph the writer maintains that a connection may be observed between the early serpent-worship and a knowledge of metals, and indeed that the Serpent was the sign of Turanian metallurgists in the same way as I have suggested that in Egypt and Assyria it was the sign of physicians. She believes that the Serpent must have played some part in the original discovery of the metals and precious stones by man, in recognition of which that animal was first assumed as a totem and thence became an emblem. She states that traditional and ornamentational evidences show that the Turanian races were the first workers in metals, and that they migrated westward, probably from India to Egypt and Chaldaea, and thence to Europe, and even to America, bearing their art and its sign; and that they fled before the Aryans, who had the further art of smelting, and that the Aryan myths of serpent-slaying record the overthrow of the Turanian serpent-worshippers." (Demonology and Devil-lore: The Devil World by Moncure Daniel Conway)


Did Apollo not slay the serpent/dragon Pyhtia in Delphi were the Pelasgians lived? Which became in Christian times "Dragon Slayer Saints"... after slaying the serpent Pyhtia, we see everywhere the "Oracle Temples", and the time was 4th c BC. Oracle, is just the reflections of Prometheus [prescient, seeing future, god who made human from a mud and gave fire for enlightenment!] which was married with Asia, "Land of As", = As Turks [also mentioned in Orkhon Monuments - 8th c AD] - As-guzai (Sguz-Scythian-Guz-Oghuz). [note: At the time, when the Orkhon monuments were erected, there was no German, French or British nation. ;) ] 


Oh yes, the Pelasgians (pre-Greek settlers of Greece), who are they? A French philosopher (who also studied history of France) Henri Berr one's said : " Pelasgians, these name was given by the Hellens, to these old people, who doesn't speaks Hellenic. But, to find out who they really are, we give up". Exactly, they gave up, they was afraid of course, because they spoke Turkish. Like, non-Hellenic god, the blacksmith god Hephaestus; a Pelasgians god, was brought from the Caucasus. 


Which Caucasos is also Turkish: appears first in Aiskhylos (Aeschylus) 490 BC in " Prometheus Bound". Pliny the Elder wrote that Caucasus came from Scythians as "Kavkaz- Kroukas", "White/Snow/Frost Rock" (Ak/Kar/Don Kaya) in Turkish "Karlı Kaya" (but today as Kafkas). Prometheus was shackled by Zeus (which is accually imposible, a God shackled a Titan, one of the First, who made human from mud. It was taking power from East to West, and to dominate humankind], and was resquiered by Herakles (Erakle, Erkle in Etruscan, which ER= Man in Turkish), the Bilgamesh in Sumerian legend [misreading as Gilgamesh - it is Bilgamesh - Bilgi = Turkish "wise" ; or Köroğlu (or Goroğlu, in Turkish legend - (oğlu-son of) Gor/Kor = Torch of Fire, Blind (Kör) and See (Gör) - Gordion-Gordium-Kördüğüm (Blind knotted) - the fire brought by Prometheus ]. 


Mentioned by Heredotus in Histories; Hercules/Herakles was the ancestor of the Scythians, like Targitais/Targitay. And the wife of Heracles was snake-legged [according to Hesiod it was Deineira, but to Scythians it was Api], and had tree sons: Agathyrsos, Gelonos and the youngest as Scythes [Herodotus 4:10].


Hercules (Erkle)' sons: Agathyrsos = Ağaçeri Turks (Tree People-Hun+Scyth/Turks Tribe); Gelonos - Jelon [snake in Turkish, also Yılan (remind: -os, Greek suffix)]; and of course the youngest Scyth (who stayed at home, in the center). 


Slaying a Serpent/Dragon with a Sword; Controlling Time : 
Wolf (Bori/Börü) - Bory like in Borysthenes or in Hyperborean (Bore) :
Tarkan, the god, holiness, adjective, title, and the root word for Turk = Tar/Tur and Turan : like "Tur'sha" one of Etruscans ancestor...
"Turanian races, the first workers in metals i.e. İron"




Can write more but...

The "West" tried for centuries to deny Turks and their rich history. When any new scientific discoveries, presentations or evidence comes out to prove Turkish civilization, the "West" hurriedly develop fictionalize/fabricated programs and articles to lie about Turks and Turkish great History.


Thus, without Us, the Westerner Scholars, "deniers, fraudsters, who have political agenda" (even Unesco!), who underestimate Turks, Turkish Culture and History, can not write the World History.


We are a huge family, and the "West" can not ignore that anymore...
Regards,
SB.

Knotted tail of Horses - Turkish Culture 

Turkish warriors with knotted horse tail; left Saka (Sacae/Scythian),5th c BC - right Gokturks,6th c AD

Kaşgarlı Mahmud: (Mahmud al-Kashgari,11th c AD)

"Kimsen? Türkmenem - Kimsin ? Türk'üm" 

(Who are you? - Turk+men+em - Turk+I+am - I'm Turk)

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk:

Ne Mutlu Türk'üm Diyene.

(Happy is the one who says, "I'm a Turk")

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