Sotas/Sotan of Priene son of Lykos (Wolf)

Priene Honors Sotas, son of Lykos, for valor against the Galatians. 

c.278-270- Marble stele, early 3rd century letterin.

from a book, photo of these stel is not to find!

Sotas/Sotan of Priene son of Lykos (Wolf), 

who saved his city during the Galatian invasion (ca. 278 BC) 

[In the year in which the] stephanephoros was Pos[e]id[on]i[o]s, (1)
month [Artem]ision,(2)
[it was resol / ved by the Boule] and the People.


[Sotas in] both former l [times] the [... l applied] himself to [what was advantageous] to the People; and now [when / first the G]alatians [arrived in the] countryside and many / [of those] in the countryside [who were politically hostile] to the citizens (3)


[.../...]lawlessly wishing to attack [.../...] savagery no one resisted [.../...] and not only in the countryside did they commit [outrages] against their prisoners [...// but they also] committed sacrilege against the divinity by ravaging the sacred precincts and [the/altars] and temples [...] / omittind no disgraceful act toward the divinity. [And] during their withdrawal, [...]/ they set fire to [all] the farm buildings [...whence] it happened that many / of the Greeks inhabiting Asia were killed, [since they were // unable] to resist the barbarians.


But the people / [of the Priene] ans and he drew up in opposition and warded /off the barbarians who were committing sacrilege against the divinity and outrages against the Greeks / by dispatching paid citizen infantry and oth/er cavalry (4) and advancing (?) in full force.


Sotas, moreover, having recr//uited the [best] of the citizens and from the country people those /[who were eager] to [join in the fight] with the citizens against the barbarians, / and having decided to save the citizens in the countryside, them/selves and their children and wives and [property in] the countryside, in order to bri/gn them safely into the city, occupied in the countryside the [most // strategic] places [.../...] with his comrades in danger, and many of the citi/zens [...] being led away captive [by] the Galatians [and] some /[...] he saved, /[having dared (to face)] their savagery. Having decided (?)[...//...] for the citizens, keeping together those who with him were risk/ing their lives [for the sake of] the common salvation of the [People], he remained in the countryside /[fighting against] the barbarians [.../...] with himself many of the citizens, and in general [...]/against the barbarians and coming to the rescue of the countryside. 


In addition, he continually [acted so](5) // that [the city] in no way suffered evil and that many of the citizens [sur/vived] and that they and their children and their wives and their land /and possessions were saved and brought into the city.


After these events took place, the Pe/ople applied itself boldly to the Galatians war. (6) (since these things are so), with good fortune,/ it has been resolved by the Boule and the People that Sotas, son of Lykos, be praised // for the [excellence] and bravery he displayed on behalf of the People by nobly fi/ghting against the Galatians, and that he be crowned w,th a wreath / of palm leaves in the theatre during the tragic contest at the next Dionysi/a.


In addition, the agonothetes shall provide for [the proclamation]. In order, therefore, that [the]/attitude [of our] People toward [good and noble m//en who desire] eagerly and unhesitatingly to aid [...]/may be [clear to all] and that the wreath awarded to Sotas may be conpicuous, /[this decree] shall be inscribed on a stone stele and set up in the san/ctuary of [A]then[a].vv As for the expenditure for the stele and the [i/nscription of thsi] decree, it shall be provided from the sacred mo//nies by the neopoios (7), Pammenes.



Translated Documents of Greece & Rome 3
The Hellenistic Age from the Battle of Ipsos to the Death of Kleopatra VII
Stanley M. Burstein, 1985



notes:
(1) Date unkwon, The lettering and content suggest a date shortly after the arrival of the Galatians in Anatolia in 270.
(2) Probably the first month of the Prienean calendar, approximately equivalent to March.
(3) The reference is probably to the Pedieis and suggests that in some areas the Galatians raids were exploited by local subject populations.
(4) Literally "horsebreeders".
(5) The context seems to require a restoration with this sense.
(6) Priene's initiative in conducting her own defense without aid from any kind should be noted.
(7) Originally, as his title, "temple builder", suggests, he was an official responsible for construction in a sanctuary, but in the Hellenistic period the neopoios was in charge of general temple administration.





* NOTES-SB 

?!
But on the line 35 we see:
ἐπῃνῆισθαι Σωτᾶν Λύκου [τῆς]
Σωτᾶν = Sotan
Λύκου = Lupus wich is "Wolf"
[τῆς] = [of]

?!




Honorary decree of boule and demos of Priene for Sotas Lykou for leading resistance to Galatai; 278/c. 260 BC; found at Priene: OGIS 765; *IPriene 17; **Graindor, Mus. belge 11, 1907, 126 (l. 5).
link

ilgilenenlere :

Searchable Greek Inscriptions of Asia Minor:

Imaging Inscriptions of Asia Minor:

Greek and Roman history 323 - 30 B.C.

Celts or Galatians

The Hellens called them Celt, while the Romans called Galatians, lived in France, Central Europe and İberia peninsula, which was also once a land of the proto Turkish tribes.

For example, Tartaros, Tarrakon, Turdetan, Turdul, Cordoba and Asta in Spain, is only to explain in Turkish language. Tar / Tur is the root word for Turk and Tarrakon is nothing but Tarkan in Turkish, some scholars says that Tarrakon means "Land of the Turks" because kon means perch (Tarkandemos with Hittites and also to see in Etruscan civilization).

Cordoba meaning is "emberlowland" (Cor=Kor ; Oba=Ova ; and there are more; Osson-oba ; Mean-oba ; On-oba (which is Ten-ova) and Asta comes from As Turks (there is also a Turkish-Kazakh capital city Astana in Centra Asia) .

Or the Basques, they speak non-indo-european language, because their language is earlier Turkish, Turkish people in the Caucausia can understand them. Even with blood, the gene project show us that R is the Turkish genom, and had two sons R1a and R1b, and today's Europe have %51 Turkish roots.

Galatians (one of the Celtic tribes) came in the 3th c BC, over the Balkans and Macedonia to Anatolia, and settled in these lands were the Phrygians lived before (which they say, that the Phyrgians are a tribe of Scythians; Gordium is to explain with Gordugum-Kördüğüm in Turkish, blind knotted; Midas as Muşki Mita (Muşki is Kashka in Hittite inscriptions / Kaşka Scythian Turkish tribe) and god Sabasioz as Sabar / Sibir / Savar / Suvar Turks).

They had never interaction with the Hittites or their culture, by the time when the Celts invated the land the Hittites was gone. The earliest civilizations in Anatolia before and after the Hittites are to explain with linguistic and archeaological excavations as proto Turks. Pelasgians ,Trojans (Turuva-Tur+ova), Hattians (actually who built Hattuşa, later invated by the Hittites (their real name is Nesli)) are Turkish tribes. On the otherhand, they had interaction with earlier Turkish civilizations in İberia peninsula and Scythians in Europe. That's why they have some Turkish words in their language.(Scythian language was Turkish)

We have to remember that in 3000 BC, there was a civilization in the Middle East as Turukku, the scholars who did found that in Assyrian tablets, never mention it, because it is a Turkish civilization. Scholars, all over the world, did know and write that "tur and tar" belong to the Turkish nation. Thus, we can say with complacency, that the Turks never came for the first time in the 11th c AD from Central Asia to Anatolia, No, Anatolia was always a home for us.

That's why we say : " The Turks stopped the crusades and especially when the Ottomans "invaded" ((is the look of one way, because there was also many Turkish tribes in Europe before their time, like the Huns, Avars, Pechenegs, Cumans, Kipchaks, Bulgarians, Khazars)) Europe, the Turks was the enemy and became a hostility behavior, and the history was deliberately hidden!" They changed everything, the Turks didn't even exists for these "scholars!". But, kurgan culture, domestication of the horses, saddle, yogurt, mythological stories, culture, military system, alphabet, writing system, language and more...was invented by the proto Turks.


SB

History of R1b Haplogroup from Central Asia to Europe, 

Anatole A. Klyosov.

“After haplogroup R1 arose about 23,000 years ago, and its downstream R1b arose in Central Asia 16,000 ago, the latter had migrated across North Kazakhstan (including the later Botai archaeological culture, 6500-5500 ybp), through the territory of the present-day Bashkirs (13-11-8 thousand ybp), established Seroglazovo archaeological culture (13-11 thousand ybp) and then Middle Volga Basin archaeological cultures (Middle Volga culture 8-7 thousand ybp; Samar culture 7 thousand ybp; Sredny Stog culture 7500-5500 ybp; Khvalyn culture 7 thousand ybp, Kama culture 7-5 thousand ybp), that is the cultures (tentatively) named “Pre-Kurgan cultures”; the subclade R1b1a2-M269 arose around 7,000 ybp, and then around 6,500 ybp arose R1b1a2-L23.

Around 6,500-6,000 ybp, and possibly earlier both of them came to the Caucasus region. Those R1b1b spoke non-Indo-European language(s), now they can be vaguely traced under various names. Some call them Proto-Türkic language, some call them Sino-Caucasian language, Paleo-Eurasian language, Erbin language (because of R1b haplogroup of their bearers), Western or North-Western Caucasian languages; some call them Vasconic language and find some similarities between the Caucasian and Basque languages, etc.

In fact, those similarities do exist, albeit in a rather weak form because thousand of years passed since then. Still now most of R1b1a2 haplotypes in the Caucasus (in Armenia, Dagestan, Georgia) belong to the ancient L23 subclade (with common ancestor in the Caucasus of around 6,000 ybp), and have a characteristic DYS393=12 allele, unlike DYS393=13 in most of European R1b1b2 haplotypes.

From the Caucasus, R1b1a2-L23 and R1b1a2-M269 bearers went South over the mountains, to Anatolia (a common ancestor of 6,000 ybp), and then split into three major routes. One went further South, to Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, and became the Sumers. Many present-day Assyrians, descendants of ancient Sumers, still have their R1b1a2 haplotypes. Another went westward, across Asia Minor, and came to Europe, to the Balkans and Mediterranean Sea region around 4500 ybp. The third group went across Northern Africa and Egypt (and incidentally, might have left some R1b1b2 Pharaohs there) to the Atlantic and went across Gibraltar to the Iberian Peninsula around 4800 ybp. They became the Bell Beakers, and moved up North into the continental Europe. The Bell Beaker culture in Europe had lasted between about 4400 and 3800 ybp.

Apparently, the R1b1a2 bearers came to the Pyrenees as mainly L51/M412 and/or L11/L151/P310 subclades, and soon split there into U106 and P312 downstream subclades, which went to the continental Europe as said Bell Beakers with downstream subclades such as U198, U152, L2, L20, L4, L21, M222, L226 SRY2627, etc. They left the Basques behind, who still maintain the ancient R1b language, similar in kind with some Caucasian languages and with the Sumer language, and with some elements of Proto-Turkic languages ascending back to Asia and further to Siberia.

Until the beginning of the 1st millennium BC, the R1b1a2 language in Europe was predominantly (or only) non-Indo-European (non-IE). There is not a single solid evidence of otherwise, that R1b1a2 in Europe spoke an IE language before the 1st millennium BC. For instance, linguists place the Celtic language and “Proto-Celtic” language not earlier than 800-900 BC, and all more earlier placements are typically groundless.”

more to read

* * *

"And in Türkic, it means “Arrivals, Newcomers” and the like, obvious exonym given by 

Türkic populace to the new arrivals.
They are "Türkic-lingual": kelt - is an abbreviated form of the (Türkic) word keldi 
, even in the modern Kazakh language we say kelt instead of keldi"

The Celtic ethnonyms are amazing. They are "Türkic-lingual": kelt - is an abbreviated form of the (Türkic) word keldi (even in the modern Kazakh language we say kelt instead of keldi), i.e. appeared, came, wondered over (OTD keldügi arrival, p. 296). That is a most precise definition of the historical destiny of this great nation!

Some parts of this mysterious ethnicity were forced to migrate to the islands of the Foggy Albion, the territory of the modern Great Britain. Not a small part of them remained on the continent. They became known as Gauls, Galatians (Kalds, Kalads). Again, that word is read only in Türkic: gald (kald, kaldi, kaladi) is stayed behind, left behind, would remain, remaining, settled down, settled in. Here again we have a name matching the destiny, history. It is this part of the Celts that remained in what is now northern Italy, France, Spain, Portugal and some parts of Germany. For example, the very same "Spanish" Basques are the descendants of the same Gauls. Again, the word bask (baska) is translated from the Türkic as "foreign", "alien", "aliens".

read more:

* * *

So far, not all migrations had been detected and identified, and some archeological cultures appear to be misidentified; the Celtic presence in Europe is dated from as far as 8000 ybp to 2900-2800 ybp. Right there falls the archeological Tumulus Culture, distinguished by the practice of burying dead in kurgan (tumuli) cemeteries; its distinction points to the migration of the Kurgan Culture people ca. 3600 to 3200 ybp. Those nomadic migrants may had created the image of the Celts that is now extended to a larger body of peoples from separate migration waves. The people kindred to the prior migrants who reached Central Europe likely came from numerous directions and at various times, and may have recognized their kinship only in a fraction of encounters, being separated by wide timespans, incompatible routes, and linguistic changes. The very name Celt is a conditional name, fairly recently attributed to a specific families of peoples. Perspectives of this work are huge, they involve genetics and biology at large, archeology, linguistics, history, art, culture, and technology.

Besides the findings of the DNA-genealogy and numerous ethnological parallels with the modern descendents of the Central Asian nomads, two traits attract attention. The Celts are known for their light-hair, a rare trait in the history of humanity. That genetic trait belongs to two easily discriminated populations, the “northern Eurasians” i.e. the Finns of the Y-DNA haplogroup NO-type with a unique mutation, and Papuans/Melanesians of the Y-DNA haplogroup D with a unique ASPM mutation; it is transmitted to the future generations in the directional and restricted genetic exchange, the presence of fair hair and light eyes requires quite specific ancestors.

Apparently, the genes for the light hair and eyes accumulated among the northern Türkic people who coexisted and admixed with Fennic people, along the lines described by T. Chikisheva Anthropology of SW Siberians. The second curious trait is the specific textile shared by the Celtic people with the ancient Tarim population (currently mislabeled “Tocharian”). The Caucasoid remains found in the Altai royal kurgans and in the Tarim basin were all found to be consistent with the modern Uigur or South Siberian Türkic population, and annalistic records depict the Türkic tribes of Tele, Dinlins, Usuns, Saklans, and Kirgiz as fair hair and light eyed. With the Saklans, Saka, and Scythians, the Scots share the anlaut S'k, possibly with the Türkic plural affix “ty”.

The etymology of the names is always a contentious issue. Unless the meaning and the original language of a name are absolutely transparent (Brown means “brown”), the etymologies of the names are and should be questioned. Numerous Celtic names do not have a credible IE etymology, while the Türkic etymology appears straight-forward, feasible, and credible. In places, the Türkic etymology is the only one suggested, with no alternatives. In places Türkic etymologies allow to derive purportedly IE etymology from the Türkic substrate: land, man, son, alms, arch, and many more.

In the paradigm of the IE pra-language, the Celtic languages are prominently absent as reconstruction models, for obvious historical reasons nobody tries to fancy a PIE *proto-word from the Breton language, albeit the canonical PIE diagram squarely puts the Celtic languages equidistant with the Romance and Germanic languages popular among the western linguists. More than that, a reconstruction of the PIE from the Celtic languages would give you a *language that has little in common with the accepted *reconstruction of the *PIE *language. The linguistic Indo-Europeoidness of the Celts is so shallow that it covers no more than a small patch on the surface of the Celtic languages, demonstrated by a sample test in the list from the same source. Not only the roots are the old Türkic roots, but the traces of morphology are also there, the Celtic personal affix -im agglutinated to the root is a form of the same affix -im and -um of the old and new Türkic languages.

"and history is written not by scholars, but by partisans impersonating scholars.!"

read more:

The Impact of Galatians in Asia Minor

Galatların Byzantion Kuşatması 

by Prof.Murat Arslan

 like the Celt story of Arthur and Excalibur from the 6th c AD. Which was the Story of the Scythians , Alans (As Turks) and Sarmatians (Scythians and Amazons sons/daughters) They Worshipped the Sword God, and Excalibur name comes from Xalub, a Scythian Tribe in North Black Sea region.... more to read

Celtic and Türkic , Barry Cunliffe - link
Celticization from the West: The Contribution of Archaeology


It is obvious, first, that all these forms are allophones, and second, that they are allophones of the endonym, picked up and repeated over and over by alien speakers - Latins, Greeks, and who knows who else. The suggestion that the name is a moniker given by aliens, like Latins, does not hold the water. In Türkic, it means “Arrivals, Newcomers” and the like, obvious exonym given by Türkic populace to the new arrivals.

BÜYÜK İSKENDER VE KÖRDÜĞÜM

Pazyryk Carpet and Gordion Knot

The Turks

THE TURKS ; WHO ARE THEY?

AVAR - ABARIS - İSKİT/SAKA

Turkic Names of Pelasgians

TÜRKLERİN GİZLİ TARİHİ

TÜRK TARİHİ VE AÇIK MEKTUP

TRUVA SAVAŞI BİTTİKTEN SONRA....

ETRÜSKLER - TÜRKLER

Truva ve Etrüsk

İskoçya - İngiltere
Demirci Tanrı Hephaistos ve Atölyesi

Oglan, Uhlan, Ulan, Clan, Oglach

Arthur ve Excalibur Efsanesi