"In the beginning, the Khazars believed in Tengri shamanism, spoke a Turkic language, and were nomadic. Later, the Khazars adopted Judaism, Islam, and Christianity, learned Hebrew and Slavic, and became settled in cities and towns thruout the north Caucasus and Ukraine. The Khazars had a great history of ethnic independence extending approximately 800 years from the 5th to the 13th century....
In East Roman eyes the gift of Christiantity which they brought offered at the same time an introduction to a more highly developed way of life. Thus their converts integrated into the civilized oecumene and Byzantine statecraft and culture were introduced to young and vigorous societies who were able to combine what they had learnt from East Rome with their own native originality.
From the seventh century onwards the loss of Egypt and Syria to the Muslims and the failure to convert them and to bring them within the Byzantine orbit made it all the more vital to have some measure of understanding first with the Turkic peoples already established to the north-east of the Black Sea in the northern Caucasus and then with the Bulgars and Slavs settling in the Balkans. Already before the seventh century there were long-established links with the Crimea.
As early as 325 there was a bishop of Bosphorus in the peninsula where the Goths were living. From this base contacts were made with the Hunnic-Turkic migrants in the area between the Danube and the Caucasus.
Justinian I had won over the Lazi in the eastern Black Sea region. Likewise by the seventh century Abasgia was an ecclesiastical province. Thus Byzantium had established a foothold in the Caucasus.
The Alans in the north-eastern Caucasus appear to have known Christianity early on, but evidence is scanty as to how they fared. By the late ninth century they were known to have renewed contacts under Patriarch Nicholas Mysticus and by the early tenth century a bishop travelled thence, though with some reluctance. Episcopal lists and archaeological finds suggest that missionary work was also active north of the Black Sea among the Turkic Bulgars, some of whom were to migrate to the Balkans when the Khazar expansion took place in the late seventh century.
This work appeared to be done by non-resident missionary bishops as befitted those toiling among semi-nomadic peoples.
Thus both the Bulgars settling in Bulgaria and the Magyars in Hungary would already have met Christianity and some of them would have been converted.
The powerful Khazar kingdom which by the eight century was established to the north-east of the Black Sea, Khazaria was particularly important to Byzantium both for economic reasons (trade routes into Asia) and as a barrier to any Arab advance through the Caucasus to the north. Justinian II who took refuge in Khazaria during his exile, and Constantine V, son of the Emperor Leo III, both married Khazar princess.
Byzantium may at the time have had hopes of cenverting Khazaria and the Crimea had already proved itself an obvious base for work in this area. But any permanent development of this kind was halted by successful Jewish activities from the eigth century onwards and by the Khazar adoption of full Judaism in the course of the ninth century."
The Orthodox Church in the Byzantine Empire by J. M. Hussey.
"In that country he parleyed with the Turks of the east (whom they call Khazars) and called on them for an alliance."
The Chronicle of Theophanes
Theodora of Khazaria was the second Empress consort of Justinian II (669-711) of the Byzantine Empire. She was a sister of Busir, Khagan of Khazars .
Theodora and Justinian II had only one known child:
Tiberios (c. 705 – 711, co-emperor from 706 to 711 - Birthplace Khazaria). Executed by orders of Philippikos. He was murdered by the patrikios Mauros and John Strouthos, and buried in the Church of the Holy Unmercenaries.
Leo III obtained the hand of a Khazar princess for Constantine V in 732... Khazar Khagan (Kagan) Bihar father of TZİTZAK (it is in Turkish Çiçek and the meaning is Flower - died 750- her baptismal name is "Irene" and the meaning is Peace, was married with Byzantine Emperor Constantine V. Their son Leo IV the Khazar, was Byzantine Emperor from 775 to 780 AD.
Khazar or Khazaria is in Turkish Hazar, one of the biggest Turkish states Hazar/Khazar Empire (Kingdom of Khazaria, Eastern Tourkia, Hazar Kağanlığı, Khazar Khaganate) Sabirs and Khazars are sons of Togarma. Sabirs (Sibir/Suvar/Subar; in 1000 BC they separated in two, as Oghuz (Oğuz) and Ogur) are the ancestor of Siberian Turks, Bolgar Turks, Chuvashia Turks, Scythian Turks, Hun Turks. Hun Turks are the ancestors of Gokturks, which is called later as Oğuz Turks again, ancestors of Ottoman, Seljuk, Safavids, Artiquids, Pechenegs, Kipchaks (Polovets), Cumans...
Mień karajc̆e ürianiam: in Kıpchak Turkish
Ben Karaimce öğreniyorum: in Anatolian Turkish
100 % TURKISH,
Tierzialiar buzlahanlar,
suvuch iczkiridia
Oram usnu tavullar
Kiucliu öczliarindia
Bura karny uczadlar
biliuvsiuz orunha
Kimni alar kuvadlar,
El'tiad'liar kajhyha?
Kioriuniat' ki bar dunja
Kattylar suvuchtan
A sieri ajtas, ki saja
Issi siuviarliktan?
Kajdan jazbaszy kieliat
Ajt maja, siuviarim
Kajda siuviarlik tuwat
Tarıysyn üriagim...
Unutum khjhylarny
Suvuch ickiridia
Kiucziajt'sinliar öczliarni
Tavullar oramda!
TR:
Pencerelerde don zaten patlama
soğuk odası devraldı içinde
zalimce şiddetli kar fırtınası
orada sokak
karlı hava bulutlar yaprakları
Bilinmeyene sürüsü uçan
için onlar acele öylesine kim
kuvvetli rüzgar üfleme
Bütün dünya gibi geliyor bana
Skul buz zincirleri
ve bunu söyle CIC
Zarem aşk ısınır
nereden bu bahar geliyor
Bana sevgilim söyle
aşk giyim doğdu
Bilinmeyen kalbim
Onları endişeleri unutalım
Odaya bir soğuk olmasına rağmen
sokak blizzard rağmen
Ne merhamet gelmiyordu (google çeviridir)
ENG:
frost on the windows already booming
in the chamber of the cold takes over
cruelly severe blizzard
street there is
petals snowy weather clouds
are flying swarm into the unknown
for who they are so they rush
strong wind blowing
The whole world seems to me
Skul ice the chains
and you tell me that CIC
Zarem love heats up
whence comes this spring
Tell me darling
clothing that love is born
my heart Unknown
let them forget worries
although there is a chill in the room
although the street blizzard
What mercy did not feel
Mień karajc̆e ürianiam: in Kıpchak Turkish
Ben Karaimce öğreniyorum: in Anatolian Turkish.
Osmanlının davet edip mülteci olarak değer verdiğı Karait/ Karaim musevileri
2013 de Israildeki Din İşleri Bakanlığı tarafından baskı altına alınıyor !
Who's a Jew? 18 May 2013
the economist
Bizans döneminden beri bugünkü Türkiye topraklarına yerleşmiş Hazarlar olduğu biliniyordu. Bir Hazar’ın kaleme aldığı Schechter Mektubu İstanbul’da yazılmıştı. Bizans tebası saray muhafızlığı yapan çok sayıda Hazar vardı. Hazarya’dan Yahudi tüccarlar Bizans’a geliyordu. Osmanlı döneminde de Hazarlar İstanbul’da kalmaya devam ettiler. Onların soyundan geldiğini iddia eden Karaylar’ın en büyük cemaatlerinden biri 19. yüzyılda İstanbul’daydı.
Hatta Karaköy’ün isminin Karayköy’den geldiği söylenir.
Hazar Yahudileri – Kevin Alan Brook
Doğu Avrupa’da ilk defa muntazam devlet kuran Türk topluluğu Hazarlar’dır. Sabarlar’ın yaşadığı sahad, Sabar ismi yerine birden bire ortaya Hazar adının çıkması Sabarlar ile Hazarlar arasında bağlantı olduğunu göstermektedir . Aslında Belencer ve Semender adlı iki Sabar kabilesinin, Hazarlarda da ortaya çıkması, Hazar kelimesinin aynı Sabar kelimesi gibi, anlam taşıması , Hazarlar’ında Sabarların içinde bir kabile olduğunu ve Sabarların yıkılışından sonra büsbütün Sabar topluluğuna bu adın verildiğini göstermektedir. Bu görüşü destekleyen delillerden birisi de 10. yy. tarihçilerinden El-Mesudi’nin “İranlılar’ın Hazar dediği topluluk Türkler tarafından Sabar diye anılır”şeklindeki kaydıdır.
Prof.Dr.Ahmet Taşağıl.
Sabir/Sibir Türkleri aynı zamanda Sibirya'ya adını veren topluluktur,
ve Çuvaş Türklerinin de atasıdır.
* * *
Hatta Karaköy’ün isminin Karayköy’den geldiği söylenir.
Hazar Yahudileri – Kevin Alan Brook
Doğu Avrupa’da ilk defa muntazam devlet kuran Türk topluluğu Hazarlar’dır. Sabarlar’ın yaşadığı sahad, Sabar ismi yerine birden bire ortaya Hazar adının çıkması Sabarlar ile Hazarlar arasında bağlantı olduğunu göstermektedir . Aslında Belencer ve Semender adlı iki Sabar kabilesinin, Hazarlarda da ortaya çıkması, Hazar kelimesinin aynı Sabar kelimesi gibi, anlam taşıması , Hazarlar’ında Sabarların içinde bir kabile olduğunu ve Sabarların yıkılışından sonra büsbütün Sabar topluluğuna bu adın verildiğini göstermektedir. Bu görüşü destekleyen delillerden birisi de 10. yy. tarihçilerinden El-Mesudi’nin “İranlılar’ın Hazar dediği topluluk Türkler tarafından Sabar diye anılır”şeklindeki kaydıdır.
Prof.Dr.Ahmet Taşağıl.
Sabir/Sibir Türkleri aynı zamanda Sibirya'ya adını veren topluluktur,
ve Çuvaş Türklerinin de atasıdır.
* * *